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Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach

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Marco del Giudice

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“The sexual competition model of eating disorders has two interlocking components. The first component is based on the universal male preference for a nubile -hourglass- body shape and the fact that women tend to accumulate body weight as they age, with the result that relative thinness is a reliable cue of youth and reproductive potential. The second component is specific to modern societies: as fertility declines and the age of reproduction shifts upward, women tend to retain an attractive nubile shape for longer, which increases the importance of thinness as an attractive display. At the same, a number of converging trends contribute to intensify real and perceived mating competition among women, especially for long-term partners. Specifically, socially imposed monogamy reduces the number of available men; urban living dramatically increases the number of potential desirable competitors; and the media paint a visual landscape full of unrealistically thin, attractive women. The net outcome of these social changes is a process of runaway sexual competition that leads to an exaggerated desire for thinness in girls and women. Ironically, the process is largely driven by female intrasexual competition rather than direct male choice, and the resulting -ideal body- may be too thin to be maximally attractive to men.”

MindFemaleEvolutionary PsychologyEating DisordersEvolutionary PsychopathologyAnorexia NervosaTcaBulimina Nervosa
Book:Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach
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“Mortality in Eating Disorders is partly caused by the medical complications of starvation and bingeing-purging, but suicide risk is also elevated. Suicide accounts for about 20% of deaths in anorexic patients; unsurprisingly, the risk is higher in AN-Bingeing/Purging than in AN-Restricted.”

MindFemaleEvolutionary PsychologyEating DisordersEvolutionary PsychopathologyAnorexia NervosaTcaBulimina Nervosa
Book:Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach
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“Disorders in the psychosis spectrum (schizophrenia spectrum disorder and dipolar disorder) have similar prevalance in males and females (with slightly higher male risk for schizophrenia), while men are more likely to be diagnosed with NPS (narcissistic personality disorder) than are women.”

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Book:Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach
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“Evolution in the cognitive niche has endowed our species with remarkable abilities such as language, abstract reasoning, and sophisticated mentalizing. These species-typical innovations have been accompanied by rapid changes in brain structure and functionality. While adaptations such as language are hugely beneficial, they are also likley to carry some costs. A number of authors have argued that vulnerability to psychosis is one of those costs -the price our species pays for its unique set of cognitive skills. From this perspective, there are no individual fitness benefits to psychosis proneness; vulnerability to schizophrenia and other psychoses is a general byproduct of our evolved design, and unfortunate combinations of genetic and environmental factors determine the onset of a full-fledged disorder in some individuals.”

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Book:Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach
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“Even properly functioning defenses are subject to activation errors, evolutionary/developmental mismatches and maladaptive learning; moreover, mechanisms that are initially functional may become damaged or dysregulated following periods of chronic hyperactivation. In other words, conditions that start as adaptive response may sometimes morph into dysfuntions along the way.”

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Book:Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach
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