Donald M. Nelson (1888-1959) was an American industrial management expert and government official, best known for chairing the War Production Board during World War II. Born in Hannibal, Missouri, he began his career in retail and rose to executive roles at Sears, Roebuck and Co. In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him to lead the War Production Board, overseeing the conversion of U.S. industry to military production. His efforts enabled the mass production of aircraft, tanks, and ships, crucial for Allied victory. Despite conflicts with military leaders, his work exemplified effective wartime economic mobilization. After the war, he returned to private business. Nelson died in 1959. His legacy highlights the importance of industrial management in national security.