“Turkey boasts a robust infrastructure for cardiac surgery, with 57 thoracic surgery teaching clinics (42 in state universities, 15 in public hospitals), primarily concentrated in Istanbul (16), Ankara (5), Izmir (4), and Konya (3). There are 987 cardiovascular surgeons and 474 residents, performing approximately 66,105 cardiac operations and 333,000 coronary angiographies annually. Key procedures include CABG (838.5 per million people, higher than Europe's 361.8), percutaneous coronary interventions (2708.8 per million), and cardiac transplantations (80 per year).” HealthTurkiyeCardiovascular Health Author:Dr. Elias Hawthorne