“From study of known normal brains we have learned that there is a certain range of variation. No two brains are exactly alike, and the greatest source of error in the assertions of Benedict and Lombroso has been the finding of this or that variation in a criminal's brains, and maintaining such to be characteristic of the 'criminal constitution,' unmindful of the fact that like variations of structure may and do exist in the brains of normal, moral persons.” MayPersonsHas BeensTwoFactsCertainBrainKnownMoralCreativityStudySourceNormalFindingsConstitutionStructureErrorsCriminalsRangeCharacteristicsMaintainingVariationAssertion Author:Edward Anthony Spitzka
“The idea that the bumps or depressions on a man's head indicate the presence or absence of certain moral characteristics in his mental equipment is one of the absurdities developed from studies in this field that has long since been discarded by science. The ideas of the phrenologist Gall, however ridiculous they may now seem in the light of a century's progress, were nevertheless destined to become metamorphosed into the modern principles of cerebral localization.” MenMayLongIdeasLightSeemsScienceCertainMoralPrinciplesStudyProgressModernCenturyFieldsDevelopmentAbsenceRidiculousCharacteristicsNeverthelessAbsurdityEquipmentDestinedBumpsDiscardedCerebralMoral Character Author:Edward Anthony Spitzka
