“Even two hundred years ago, when the British finally defeated the divided yet dominant Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817, India was a very static place. Most Indians could not have just packed their bags and easily relocated from Maratha Pune to Mughal Delhi, or from British Calcutta to Sikh Lahore—much less from a small fort–town in Rajputana to rural Mysore. Besides logistics, language was a significant barrier and so were social acceptance and job opportunities. The average Indian had almost nothing to fall back on without backing from the biraadri or gotra. The farm and the local market defined most people’s lives, punctuated occasionally by a rare long-distance pilgrimage. Large-scale relocations mostly happened during times of distress. Marrying contrary to parental wishes was unimaginable. Life was ‘nasty, brutish and short’, to borrow the famous Hobbesian description, and solace was found in the Gods.” KingdomsSolaceMobilityAncient India Book:A New Idea of India: Individual Rights in a Civilisational State Source: A New Idea of India: Individual Rights in a Civilisational State