“Before the “Mathematical Theory of Communication,” a century of common sense and engineering trial and error said that noise—the physical world’s tax on our messages—had to be lived with. And yet Shannon proved that noise could be defeated, that information sent from Point A could be received with perfection at Point B, not just often, but essentially always.” Science Book:A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age Source: A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age