“The principle of human action is the thought of good and evil and thus good and evil. In this, in its principle, lies the infinite difference of human action from animal movement. Perhaps this is not evident when we confine our attention to things done like baking a cake. Not because human action is something other than baking cakes and the like. But because it is not possible to understand what it is to bake a cake without its wider context, as Thompson puts it in a phrase of Anscombe’s. This wider context is thought in thought of the good. And the wider context of human action is infinitely different from that of animal action. For it is not just wider; it is the widest. The context of human action is illimitable. This character of the principle of human action affects its temporality. As its principle is illimitable, so is its temporality. Human action is temporal in such a way as to be all time and eternity. This comes out in the way in which my action is not over when it’s over: I repent, I am punished. My past is my present, which thus is eternity, or hell. And it comes out in the way in which my action may be undone: I confess, I am forgiven. My past is annulled, it is perfectly powerless in my present, which thus is eternity, or heaven.” ActionEvilForgivenessGood Author:Sebastian Rödl
“It has been held that, since its essential normativity cannot be accommodated within the natural sciences, we might be forced to throw the concept of action and with it action concepts on the trash heap of outdated theories. With action concepts a logical basis of first person thought disappears. Renouncing action concepts is a form of self-annihilation: logical self-annihilation. It annihilates a source of the power to think and say 'I'.” ActionNormativityRödlThe First Person Book:Self-Consciousness Source: Self-Consciousness