“The events leading up to the creation of Pakistan also made the path to statehood very difficult: more than a decade of civil unrest as Indians of all races and creeds sought independence from Great Britain was followed by a massive migration involving some fourteen million refugees who crossed what became the Pakistan-India border. Nearly one million persons—Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims—died during this bloody upheaval.” PakistanPartitionIndependanceIndo PakSub ContinentCreation Of Pakistan Book:Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within Source: Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within
“Whenever there is a breakdown in...stability, as has happened frequently in Pakistan, the military translates its potential into the will to dominate, and we have military intervention followed by military rule,’ states former army chief General Jehangir Karamat. ‘But,’ he states, ‘As far as the track record of the military as rulers in the past is concerned, I am afraid it is not much better than the civilians.” DictatorshipPakistan MilitaryCivil Military RelationsMilitary RulePakistan Army Book:Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within Source: Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within