“In the past, security guides often suggested that it was necessary to overwrite multiple times (or “passes”). This may be true to some extent for flash media, as described below, but is apparently no longer true for traditional magnetic hard drives. See National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Special Publication 800-88, Revision 1. “Guidelines for Media Sanitization” (Dec. 2014) (“For storage devices containing magnetic media, a single overwrite pass with a [fixed] pattern such as binary zeroes typically hinders recovery of data even if state of the art laboratory techniques are applied to attempt to retrieve the data.”)” 2017Data SecurityDigital PrivacyData OverwriteMedia SanitizationNistSecure Deletion Book:Digital Privacy at the U.S. Border: Protecting the Data on Your Devices and in the Cloud Source: Digital Privacy at the U.S. Border: Protecting the Data on Your Devices and in the Cloud