Thomas Eakins (July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer, and sculptor, widely regarded as one of the most significant artists of the 19th century. Born in Philadelphia, he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and later in Paris under Jean-Léon Gérôme. Eakins is known for his precise depictions of human anatomy and everyday life, with masterpieces such as The Gross Clinic and The Swimming Hole. His work often sparked controversy for its raw realism, particularly in medical scenes. He also taught at the Pennsylvania Academy but resigned due to his use of nude models. Despite initial criticism, Eakins is now celebrated as a pioneer of American realism.
