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Veronika Decides to Die

This book delves into the psychological and philosophical aspects of life and death, following the journey of Veronika, a young woman who becomes disillusioned with her existence and chooses to take her own life. The narrative explores the complexities of human emotions and the search for meaning in a seemingly indifferent world. more

Author

Paulo Coelho
Paulo Coelho

Paulo Coelho, born on August 24, 1947, is a renowned Brazilian author and lyricist. His works are characterized by profound philosophical thoughts and rich imagination, with his most famous novel being 'The Alchemist'. more

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“When studies using mental ability test scores from children are considered, the heritability of mental ability is typically found to be about .40, and the effect of the common or shared environment is found to be almost as strong, about .35. In contrast, when studies using mental ability test scores from adults (or older adolescents) are considered, estimates of the heritability of mental ability are much higher, typically about .65, whereas estimates of common or shared environment effects are much lower, probably under .20 (see review by Haworth et al., 2010). These findings indicate that differences among children in their levels of mental ability are attributable almost as much to their common environment—that is, to features of their family or household circumstances—as to their genetic inheritances. However, the findings also suggest that as children grow up, the differences among them in mental ability become less strongly related to the features of their common environments, and more strongly related to their genetic inheritances. In other words, the effect on one's mental ability of the family or household in which one is reared tends to become less important as one grows up, so that by adulthood one's level of mental ability is heavily dependent on one's genetic characteristics. It is as if one's level of mental ability—relative to that of other persons of the same age—can be raised (or lowered) during childhood by a particularly good (or poor) home environment, but then gradually returns to the level that one's genes tend to produce.”

PsychologyIntelligenceIqPsychometricsMental AbilityPersonality DifferencesPersonality Psychology
Book:Individual Differences and Personality
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“One recent case highlighted by Dan Simons relates again to the work of Yale psychologist John Bargh. In 2012, Bargh and colleague Idit Shalev published a study claiming that lonelier people prefer warmer baths and showers, thereby compensating for a lack of “social warmth” through physical warmth.44 In 2014, psychologist Brent Donnellan and colleagues reported a failure to replicate this finding—and not just in a single experiment but across nine experiments and more than 3,000 participants, over 30 times the sample size of the original study.45 Despite this failure to replicate, as well as the presence of unexplained anomalies in the original data, Bargh and Shalev refused to retract their original paper. In many other sciences, a false discovery of this magnitude would automatically trigger excision of the original work from the scientific record. In psychology, unreliability is business as usual.”

PsychologyReplicationScientific Methodology
Book:The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology: A Manifesto for Reforming the Culture of Scientific Practice
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“Schnall’s strong reaction to the failed replication of her own work provoked a mixed reaction from the psychological community. While many psychologists were bewildered by her response, a number of prominent US psychologists voiced support for her position. Dan Gilbert from Harvard University likened Schnall’s battle to the plight of Rosa Parks, and he referred to some psychologists who conducted or supported replications as “bullies,” “replication police,” “second stringers,” McCarthyists, and “god’s chosen soldiers in a great jihad.” Others accused the so-called replicators of being “Nazis,” “fascists,” and “mafia.” Rather than viewing replication as an intrinsic part of best scientific practice, Gilbert and his supporters framed it as a threat to the reputation of the (presumably brilliant) researchers who publish irreproducible findings, stifling their creativity and innovation”

PsychologyReplication Crisis
Book:The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology: A Manifesto for Reforming the Culture of Scientific Practice
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“Empiricism is a related concept; it assumes that the ultimate and true source of knowledge is experience, or inductive reasoning from experience. In other words, if something cannot be experienced through the senses, it should not be accepted as truth. In the Islamic conceptualization, it is clear that the reality is much more complex than modern scientists will admit. The unseen world (phenomena or aspects that cannot be known using ordinary human faculties) is actually much more extensive than the seen world, and this unseen world interacts with and influences the world that we observe.”

PsychologyIslamMetaphysicalEmpiricismUnseen World
Book:Psychology from the Islamic Perspective
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“Psychologists assume that the shared characteristics of research participants reflect 'normality', but how accurate is this assumption? In fact, this postulation has been called into question by a relatively new field called cross-cultural or cultural psychology. Scientists are now beginning to understand that what may be normal in one society may not be applicable to other societies.”

PsychologyResearchCultural Psychology
Book:Psychology from the Islamic Perspective
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