“Since 1963, LEGO bricks have been manufactured from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer - ABS copolymer for short - a plastic with a matte finish. It is very hard and robust - import criteria for a children's toy. Laboratories in Switzerland and Denmark regularly test the quality of the ABS. The plastic is distributed to factories as granules rather than in liquid form. These grains of plastic are heated up to 232ºC and converted into a molten mass. Injection moulding machines weighing up to 150 tonnes squeeze the viscous plastic mass into the desired injection moulds - of which there are 2,400 varieties. After seven seconds, the brick produced in this way has cooled down enough to be removed from the mould. The injection moulding method is so precise that out of every million elements produced, only about 18 units have to be rejected. Unsold bricks are converted back into granulates and recycled.” MaterialsFactoriesPlasticToysRecyclingIndustrial RevolutionLegoPlasticsMaterials EngineeringMaterial ScienceMaterial EngineeringMaterials ScienceInjection Moulding Book:50 Years of the Lego Brick Source: 50 Years of the Lego Brick
“When we're able to communicate in nature's language; when we're able to transcend the view that nature is a boundless entity; even transcending the building as the kernel of the architectural project; when we invite scientific inquiry and technological innovation, fusing atoms with bits and bits with genes - only then will the art of building enable new forms of interaction between humans and their environment. Only then will we be able to design, construct and evolve as equals.” Permaculture EconomyPermaculture EconomicsMaterial EcologyAdditive ManufacturingMaterials EngineeringNeri Oxman Author:Neri Oxman
“For the first time in architectural history, we're approaching the resolution and complexity of the natural world by creating new technologies that will ultimately enable us to design a beam as if it were a branch or an HVAC and waste removal system as if it were a photosynthetic GI tract engineered to convert carbon into biofuel.” ArchitecturePermaculture EconomyPermaculture EconomicsMaterial EcologyPermaculture BusinessAdditive ManufacturingArchitect QuotesMaterials Engineering Author:Neri Oxman
“For centuries architects have been taught to sketch, model and build in three static dimensions - x, y and z. But the natural world offers contexts that are much more dimensionally complex and dynamic.” ArchitectureArchitectPermaculture EconomyPermaculture EconomicsMaterial EcologyPermaculture BusinessArchitect QuotesMaterials Engineering Author:Neri Oxman
“A skyscraper is not a tree - not yet.” BusinessArchitectureArchitectMaterial EcologyArchitect QuotesMaterials Engineering Author:Neri Oxman
“Since our divorce from nature with the industrial revolution, the major challenge for architecture remains a challenge of language as we replace units of growth with units of construction.” BusinessArchitectureArchitectMaterial EcologyArchitectsMaterials Engineering Author:Neri Oxman