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Famous American Psychiatric Association Quotes

“Instead of being experienced consciously (either diffusely or displaced, as in phobias) the impulse causing the anxiety is "converted" into functional symptoms in organs or parts of the body, usually those that are mainly under voluntary control. The symptoms serve to lessen conscious (felt) anxiety and ordinarily are symbolic of the underlying mental conflict. Such reactions usually meet immediate needs of the patient and are, therefore, associated with more or less obvious "secondary gain." They are to be differentiated from psychophysiologic autonomic and visceral disorders. The term "conversion reaction" is synonymous with "conversion hysteria." Dissociative reactions are not included in this diagnosis. In recording such reactions the symptomatic manifestations will be specified as anesthesia (anosmia, blindness, deafness), paralysis (paresis, aphonia, monoplegia, or hemiplegia), dyskinesis (tic, tremor, posturing, catalepsy).”

PsychiatryHysteriaDsmConversion DisorderConversion HysteriaDyskinesisPsychogenic Blindness
Book:DSM I: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders
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“Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by related alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderMultiple Personality DisorderMultiple PersonalitiesDissociative DisorderSplit PersonalityDsmMultiple Personality
Book:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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“000-x02 Dissociative reaction This reaction represents a type of gross personality disorganization, the basis of which is a neurotic disturbance, although the diffuse dissociation seen in some casts may occasionally appear psychotic. The personality disorganization may result in aimless running or "freezing." The repressed impulse giving rise to the anxiety may be discharged by, or deflected into, various symptomatic expressions, such as depersonalization, dissociated personality, stupor, fugue, amnesia, dream state, somnambulism, etc. The diagnosis will specify symptomatic manifestations. These reactions must be differentiated from schizoid personality, from schizophrenic reaction, and from analogous symptoms in some other types of neurotic reactions. Formerly, this reaction has been classified as a type of "conversion hysteria.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderHysteriaMultiple Personality DisorderDissociativeDissociative DisordersDepersonalizationDdnosDsmHysterical Dissociation
Book:DSM I: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders
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“300.1 Hysterical neurosis This neurosis is characterized by an involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function. Symptoms characteristically begin and end suddenly in emotionally charged situations and are symbolic of the underlying conflicts. Often they can be modified by suggestion alone. This is a new diagnosis that encompasses the former diagnoses "Conversion reaction" and "Dissociative reaction" in DSM-I. This distinction between conversion and dissociative reactions should be preserved by using one of the following diagnoses whenever possible. 300.14* Hysterical neurosis, dissociative type* In the dissociative type, alterations may occur in the patient's state of consciousness or in his identity, to produce such symptoms as amnesia, somnambulism, fugue, and multiple personality. DSM-II (1968)”

HistoryDissociative Identity DisorderDiagnosisHysteriaMultiple Personality DisorderDissociativeDsmHysterical Dissociation
Book:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-II
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“300.14* Hysterical neurosis, dissociative type* In the dissociative type, alterations may occur in the patient's state of consciousness or in his identity, to produce such symptoms as amnesia, somnambulism, fugue, and multiple personality.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderDiagnosisHysteriaMultiple Personality DisorderDissociative DisorderDissociativeDsm
Book:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-II
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