“In nineteenth century Europe (and later in other parts of the world) the transition from a subsistence to a market economy based on the use of wage labor caused a net loss of autonomy for kin-based groups and households. Individuals became more dependent on external political, economic, and ideological forces. A profound contradiction resulted from the increasing individuation of the labor force and the need to maintain collective mechanisms for the reproduction of the working class through preexisting but constantly evolving patterns of family, household, and kinship organization. In other words, the advance of capitalism created a dynamic opposition between productive and reproductive spheres.” FeminismReproductionHistorical MaterialismDialectical MaterialismDialecticFamily SystemsPolitcal Economy Book:Women's Work: Development and the Division of Labor by Gender Source: Women's Work: Development and the Division of Labor by Gender