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Ellert R.S. Nijenhuis Books

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“We propose that BPD involves secondary structural dissociation. Consistent with this, Golynkina and Ryle (1999) found that patients with BPD encompassed a dissociative part of the personality that seems to represent an ANP (a coping ANP) and more than one EP (abuser rage, victim rage, passive victim, and zombie). Some patients with BPD have severe dissociative symptoms, and may actually border on DDNOS or DID. Our clinical observations suggest that dissociative parts in BPD patients have less emancipation and elaboration, and less distinct sense of self than in DDNOS or DID.”

DissociationMultiple PersonalitiesBorderline Personality DisorderBpdPersonality DisorderStructural DissociationApparently Normal PartAnpEmotional Part
Book:The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization
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“In principle, the number of parts of the personality in a given individual has little bearing on whether dissociation is at the secondary [OSDD] or tertiary [DID] level. A patient with secondary structural dissociation may have many EPs, while a patient with tertiary structural dissociation may only have two ANPs and two EPs. However, in general, more divisions relate to less mental efficiency and more likelihood that a traumatized individual will have tertiary structural dissociation.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderOsddPolyfragmented DidStructural DissociationPolyfragmented OsddOsdd1a
Book:The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization
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“In principle, the number of parts of the personality in a given individual has little bearing on whether dissociation is at the secondary or tertiary level. A patient with secondary structural dissociation may have many EPs, while a patient with tertiary structural dissociation may only have two ANPs and two EPs. However, in general, more divisions relate to less mental efficiency and more likelihood that a traumatized individual will have tertiary structural dissociation.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderAlter IdentitiesPolyfragmentedPolyfragmented DidPolyfragmented OsddNumber Of Alters
Book:The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization
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“Most often, the "host" has some recognition of other parts of the personality, although a degree of amnesia may be involved. However, occasionally, the "host" does not know about the existence of other dissociative parts of the personality, and loses time when others dominate executive control (Putnam, Guroff, Silberman, Barban, & Post, 1986). As C. R. Stern (1984) pointed out, it is more often the case that the "host" actively denies (active nonrealization) evidence of the existence of other dissociated parts of the personality rather than dissociative parts "hiding" themselves from the host. This nonrealization may be so severe that when presented with evidence of other dissociative parts, the host may "flee" from treatment.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderAmnesiaDissociative AmnesiaDissociative Symptoms
Book:The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization
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