American physicist, chemist, and engineer, known for his contributions to surface chemistry, atomic theory, and electronics. He received his Bachelor of Science in Physics from Columbia University in 1903 and his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1907. During his tenure at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Langmuir made significant contributions to surface chemistry and physical chemistry, including the formulation of the Langmuir adsorption theory. His research had a profound impact on modern industry and science.