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Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner Biography

Physician

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“On the whole, at least in the author's experience, the preparation of species-specific antiserum fractions and the differentiation of closely related species with precipitin sera for serum proteins does not succeed so regularly as with agglutinins and lysins for blood cells. This may be due to the fact that in the evolutional scale the proteins undergo continuous variations whereas cell antigens are subject to sudden changes not linked by intermediary stages.”

MayDoeWholeFactsScienceBloodSubjectsStageEvolutionSucceedSpeciesDuesScalesCellsPreparationRelatedLinkedVariationFractionsProteinDifferentiationSudden ChangeBlood Cells
Author:Karl Landsteiner
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“The morphological characteristics of plant and animal species form the chief subject of the descriptive natural sciences and are the criteria for their classification. But not until recently has it been recognized that in living organisms, as in the realm of crystals, chemical differences parallel the variation in structure.”

FormScienceNaturalDifferencesAnimalSubjectsStructurePlantSpeciesChiefsRealmsCharacteristicsChemistryChemicalsOrganismsParallelsCrystalsCriteriaVariationNatural ScienceClassificationPlants And AnimalsLiving Organisms
Book:The Specificity of Serological Reactions
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“A single kind of red cell is supposed to have an enormous number of different substances on it, and in the same way there are substances in the serum to react with many different animal cells. In addition, the substances which match each kind of cell are different in each kind of serum. The number of hypothetical different substances postulated makes this conception so uneconomical that the question must be asked whether it is the only one possible. ... We ourselves hold that another, simpler, explanation is possible.”

WayKindDifferentAnimalNumbersBloodRedEnormousCellsSubstanceExplanationConceptionHypotheticalDifferent Animals
Author:Karl Landsteiner
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“I have recently observed and stated that the serum of normal people is capable of clumping the red cells of other healthy individuals... As commonly expressed, it can be said that in these cases at least two different kinds of agglutinins exist, one kind in A, the other in B, both together in C. The cells are naturally insensitive to the agglutinins in their own serum.”

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Author:Karl Landsteiner
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