“The only 'good' learning is that which is in advance of development.” PhilosophyLiteratureDevelopmentEducational Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“Childhood is a complex dialectical process characterized by periodicity, unevenness in the development of different functions, metamorphosis or qualitative transformation of one form into another, intertwining of external and internal factors, and adaptive processes which overcome impediments that the child encounters.” ChildrenDifferentPhilosophyFormLiteratureProcessChildhoodDevelopmentOvercomingFunctionTransformationComplexesEducationalFactorsEncountersInternalsMetamorphosisImpedimentsAdaptiveQualitativePeriodicity Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“Pedagogy must be oriented not to the yesterday, but to the tomorrow of the child's development. Only then can it call to life in the process of education those processes of development which now lie in the zone of proximal development” ChildrenLyingProcessDevelopmentTomorrowYesterdayZonePedagogy Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals.” PeopleFirstsChildrenIndividualSocialMemoriesLevelsAttentionDevelopmentHigherConceptsFunctionLogicalFormation Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“What children can do with the assistance of others might be in some sense even more indicative of their mental development than what they can do alone” ChildrenMightCan DoDevelopmentAssistance Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“The true direction of the development of thinking is not from the individual to the social, but from the social to the individual.” ThinkingIndividualSocialDevelopment Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
“The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers” ProblemLevelsDevelopmentCapableAdultsIndependentDistanceDeterminedGuidanceCollaborationProblem SolvingPeersDevelopmental Author:Lev S. Vygotsky
