Ludwig Boltzmann, born on February 20, 1844, and died on September 5, 1906, was a prominent physicist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He made significant contributions to statistical physics and the kinetic theory of gases. Boltzmann is known for his formulation of Boltzmann's distribution law, which is a fundamental concept in statistical physics, and his statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics.