Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician and the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). He served as President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. Born into a wealthy Sindhi family, Bhutto was educated at the University of California, Berkeley and Oxford University. He entered politics after returning to Pakistan and established the PPP in 1967, advocating "Islamic socialism." During his tenure, he oversaw the independence of Bangladesh in 1971 and introduced the 1973 Constitution, establishing Pakistan's parliamentary system. Bhutto implemented land reforms and industrialization policies. He was overthrown in a military coup in 1977 and executed in 1979 after being convicted of murder. His legacy remains controversial, but he is remembered as a champion of democracy in Pakistan.
