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Gun Gun Febrianza

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“For most of the twentieth century, scientists were allied with whalers; much of their research was done either on the flensing deck or on the occasional stranded whale. Taxes levied on whale oil from the lucrative British Antarctic Territory financed extensive research in the Southern Ocean, including the natural history voyages of the RRS Discovery, the explorer Robert Falcon Scott’s Antarctic vessel. Until the 1970s the expressed intent of this research was to gather biological knowledge to help the hunt. In some cases, the studies were intended to increase efficiency.”

ScienceBusinessFundingWhales
Book:Whale
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“And not surprisingly, for if science is about studying the world as it actually is—rather than as we wish it to be—then science will always have the potential to unsettle the status quo. As an independent source of authority and knowledge, science has always had the capacity to challenge ruling powers’ ability to control people by controlling their beliefs. Indeed, it has the power to challenge anyone who wishes to preserve, protect, or defend the status quo.”

ScienceChangeControlStatus Quo
Author:Naomi Oreskes; Erik M. Conway
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“[…] And then you notice someone. Amid the family clusters postceremony, the new graduates posing for pictures with Grandma in her wheelchair, the bursts of hugs and laughter, you see the person way in the back, the person who is part of the grounds crew, collecting the garbage from the cans on the perimeter of the event. Randomly pick any of the graduates. Do some magic so that this garbage collector started life with the graduate's genes. Likewise for getting the womb in which nine months were spent and the lifelong epigenetic consequences of that. Get the graduate's childhood as well-one filled with, say, piano lessons and family game nights, instead of, say, threats of going to bed hungry, becoming homeless, or being deported for lack of papers. Let's go all the way so that, in addition to the garbage collector having gotten all that of the graduate's past, the graduate would have gotten the garbage collector's past. Trade every factor over which they had no control, and you will switch who would be in the graduation robe and who would be hauling garbage cans. This is what I mean by determinism.”

ScienceEthicsNeuroscienceNeuroethics
Author:Robert Sapolsky
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“Beynin işi, özünde bilgi toplayıp davranışları uygun biçimde yönlendirmektir. Karar verme sürecinde bilincin devreye girip girmemesi durumu değiştirmez; çoğunlukla da girmez zaten. İster büyümüş gözbebeklerinden söz ediyor olalım, ister kıskançlıktan, cinsler arasındaki çekimden, yağlı yiyeceklere düşkün olmaktan ya da geçen haftaki müthiş fikrinizden, beynin işleyişi içindeki en küçük rol bilince ait olandır. Beyinlerimiz çoğunlukla otomatik pilot üzerinden çalışır; bilinçli zihnin, altında işleyip duran dev ve esrarengiz fabrikaya erişimi son derece kısıtlıdır.”

Science
Book:Incognito The Secret Lives of The Brain / Reaching Down The Rabbit Hole / The Brain The Story of You
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“1800'lerin ortalarında Alman fizikçi ve hekim Hermann Hemholtz (1821-1894)), gözlerden beyne damla damla akmakta olan verilerin, yaşadığımız zengin görme deneyimini açıklayamayacak kadar zayıf olduğu yönünde bir kuşkuya kapılmıştı. Vardığı sonuç ise beynin, gelen verilerle ilgili varsayımlarda bulunuyor olması gerektiği ve bu varsayımların önceki deneyimlere dayalı olduğu yolundaydı. Bir başka deyişle beyin, kendisine gelen az miktardaki bilgiyi, en iyi tahminleri bir araya getirerek daha büyük bir şeye dönüştürmekteydi.”

Science
Book:Incognito The Secret Lives of The Brain / Reaching Down The Rabbit Hole / The Brain The Story of You
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“Bütün bunlar bize, algının, duyusal girdilerle içsel ön görüler arasında yapılan etkin kıyaslamayı yansıttığını söyler ve bu, bize daha da büyük bir kavramı anlama olanağı sunar: Çevrenizin farkına, ancak duyusal girdilerin beklentilerle çeliştiği zamanlarda farkına varırsınız. Dünya beklentilerinizle uyuştuğunda farkındalığa gereksinim yoktur, çünkü beyin işini gayet iyi biçimde görmektedir.”

Science
Book:Incognito The Secret Lives of The Brain / Reaching Down The Rabbit Hole / The Brain The Story of You
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