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Quote by Jaime Tenorio Valenzuela

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Jaime Tenorio Valenzuela

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“There are three kinds of constitution, and an equal number of deviation-forms--perversions, as it were, of them. The constitutions are monarchy, aristocracy, and thirdly that which is based on a property qualification, which it seems appropriate to call timocratic, though most people are wont to call it polity. The best of these is monarchy, the worst timocracy. The deviation from monarchy is tyranny; for both are forms of one-man rule, but there is the greatest difference between them; the tyrant looks to his own advantage, the king to that of his subjects. For a man is not a king unless he is sufficient to himself and excels his subjects in all good things; and such a man needs nothing further; therefore he will not look to his own interests but to those of his subjects; for a king who is not like that would be a mere titular king. Now tyranny is the very contrary of this; the tyrant pursues his own good. And it is clearer in the case of tyranny that it is the worst deviation-form; but it is the contrary of the best that is worst. Monarchy passes over into tyranny; for tyranny is the evil form of one-man rule and the bad king becomes a tyrant. Aristocracy passes over into oligarchy by the badness of the rulers, who distribute contrary to equity what belongs to the city-all or most of the good things to themselves, and office always to the same people, paying most regard to wealth; thus the rulers are few and are bad men instead of the most worthy. Timocracy passes over into democracy; for these are coterminous, since it is the ideal even of timocracy to be the rule of the majority, and all who have the property qualification count as equal. Democracy is the least bad of the deviations;”

DemocracyMonarchyAristocracyOligarchyTirannyTimocracy
Book:Nicomachean Ethics
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“Когда говорить правду стало невозможно (поскольку это каралось смертью), пришлось ее маскировать. В еврейской народной традиции маской отчаяния служит танец. А здесь маской правды сделалась ирония. Потому что на нее слух тирана обычно не настроен.”

IronyTiranny
Book:The Noise of Time
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“Коль скоро тирания так преуспела в разрушении, что ей стоит разрушить заодно и любовь, умышленно или походя? Тирания требует любви к партии, к государству, к Великому Вождю и Рулевому, к народу. Но от таких великих, благородных, бескорыстных, безусловных «любовей» отвлекает любовь к единственному человеку, буржуазная и волюнтаристская. И в нынешней обстановке людям постоянно угрожает опасность не сохранить себя целиком. Если их последовательно терроризировать, они мутируют, съеживаются, усыхают – все это приемы выживания.”

LoveTiranny
Book:The Noise of Time
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“One of the most serious consequences of the expansion of the supervisory gaze of the state (and the intelligentsia) into the private sphere is the reduction of the difference between the moral and the legal — a difference that, by protecting vital areas of human behavior from official interference, has always been one of the basic guarantees of civil liberty. [...] The state uses individuals' demands for autonomy — demands that are particularly strong among young people, women, the discriminated, and the resentful of all kinds — as bait to trap them in the worst kind of tyranny. By “freeing” men from their ties to family, parish, and neighborhood, protecting them under the immense network of public services that frees them from the need to resort to the help of relatives and friends, offering them the lure of legal protection against the prejudices, antipathies, feelings, and even glances of their peers—legal protection against life, in short— the state actually divides, isolates, and weakens them, cultivating the neurotic susceptibilities that infantilize them, making it impossible for them, on the one hand, to create true bonds with each other and, on the other hand, to survive without state support.”

Political PhilosophyModernitySocial CommentaryLegalityTirannyThe State
Author:Olavo de Carvalho
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