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Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature

This book delves into the theoretical and practical aspects of dramatic art and literature, offering insights into the creation, analysis, and appreciation of dramatic works. more

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August Wilhelm Schlegel

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“If we reflect a moment, we shall find that even in the present day, on our own stage, the infallible and inexhaustible source of the ludicrous is the same ungovernable impulses of sensuality in collision with higher duties; or cowardice, childish vanity, loquacity, gulosity, laziness, &c. Hence, in the weakness of old age, amorousness is the more laughable, as it is plain that it is not mere animal instinct, but that reason has only served to extend the dominion of the senses beyond their proper limits. In drunkenness, too, the real man places himself, in some degree, in the condition of the comic ideal.”

ReasonComedyImpulseIrrationalityComic Ideal
Book:Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature
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“Hegel is well aware of the fact - personally experienced in his youth - that a "deviation" (Abweichung) in thought from what is "publicly recognized" can be the expression of a genuine, albeit unhappy, consciousness, one which is justifiably "severed" (entzweit) from actuality. In certain periods criticism is the only possible form of philosophy. Nothing can be said a priori about the time at which a situation arises in which a philosopher can only be true by dissenting. Ontological principles, a universal belief in providence or the conviction that reason is strong enough to be victorious do not answer the question of whether our current factual situation is in agreement with reason. Even if one believes or knows for certain that the universe and history as a whole are rational, one still does not know a priori the degree to which the present situation realizes what history as a whole (if this word means anything) and the entire actuality make actual.”

ReasonHistoryCritiqueActualityHegelUnhappy Consciousness
Book:Philosophy and Politics: A Commentary on the Preface to Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
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“But just let the masters of the world -- princes, kings, emperors, powerful majesties, invincible conquerors -- let them only try to make the people dance on a certain day each year in a set place. This is not much to ask, but I dare swear that they will not succeed, whereas, if the humblest missionary comes to such a spot, he will make himself obeyed two thousand years after his death. Every year the people meet together around a rustic church in the name of St. John, St. Martin, St. Benedict, and so on; they come filled with boisterous yet innocent cheerfulness; religion sanctifies this joy and the joy embellishes religion: they forget their sorrows; at night, they think of the pleasure to come on the same day next year, and this date is stamped on their memory. By the side of this picture put that of the French leaders who have been vested with every power by a shameful Revolution and yet cannot organize a simple fete.”

ReasonChristianityLeadersPoliticiansFrench RevolutionMaistre
Author:Joseph de Maistre
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“One form of honesty has always been lacking among founders of religions and their kin:—they have never made their experiences a matter of the intellectual conscience. "What did I really experience? What then took place in me and around me? Was my understanding clear enough? Was my will directly opposed to all deception of the senses, and courageous in its defence against fantastic notions?"—None of them ever asked these questions, nor to this day do any of the good religious people ask them. They have rather a thirst for things which are contrary to reason, and they don't want to have too much difficulty in satisfying this thirst,—so they experience "miracles" and "regenerations," and hear the voices of angels! But we who are different, who are thirsty for reason, want to look as carefully into our experiences as in the case of a scientific experiment, hour by hour, day by day! We ourselves want to be our own experiments, and our own subjects of experiment.”

ReasonScienceReligionBeliefExperienceConvictionMiraclesBlind FaithReligionsConvictions
Book:The Gay Science: With a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs
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“No matter how deeply it [a faith based on mere authority] entrenches itself behind authority, no matter how artfully it seeks to ward off all counter-hypotheses and alternative possibilities by assembling a system that covers every conceivable circumstance . . . , reason will still venture to subject it to critical scrutiny. And it will do so spontaneously [aus sich selbst], generating from within itself principles of possibility and plausibility irrespective of any such artificial historical structure predisposed to neglect reason and to claim primacy on historical grounds over the persuasiveness of rational truths.”

ReasonHegel
Author:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
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“Kiedy sny powtarzają zdarzenia z przeszłości, kiedy ją międlą, zmieniają w obrazy, przesypują przez sita znaczeń, zaczyna mi się wydawać, że przeszłość tak samo jak przyszłość na zawsze pozostanie nieodgadniona i nieznana. To, że coś przeżyłam, wcale nie znaczy, że poznałam tego znaczenie. Dlatego tak samo boję się o przeszłość, jak i o przyszłość. Niechby się okazało, że coś, co znałam i uważałam do tej pory za stałe i pewne, mogło się dziać z zupełnie innej przyczyny i w sposób, jakiego nie podejrzewałam. Że prowadziło mnie ku czemu innemu, a ja nie odkryłam kierunku, że byłam ślepa, że spałam. Co pocznę ze swoim teraz?”

ReasonPastDreamsUknown
Book:House of Day, House of Night
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