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Ideological Fixation: From the Stone Age to Today's Culture Wars

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Azar Gat

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“Cooperation is dramatically more effective when cultural codes -above all language, but also customs, values and other patterns of thought and behavior- are shared. Culture, cultural diversity, and, hence, the facility of shared culture cooperation are unique to humans and differentiate them from other social animals. Hence the innate human tendency to prefer those who belong to their kin-culture community over strangers.”

MoralityCooperationEvolutionary PsychologyStrangersTribalismCoalition
Book:Ideological Fixation: From the Stone Age to Today's Culture Wars
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“At the peak of the Civil Rights Movement, activists and others began to turn their attention to economic problems...The shift in focus served to align the goals of the Civil Rights Movement with key political goals of poor and working-class whites, who were also demanding economic reforms”

RacismCivil Rights MovementClassismCoalition
Book:The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
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“Later, we deepen our investigation into the drinking-while-standing phenomenon at Mashika, an Italian izakaya in a hip pocket of Nishi-ku. The Italian-Japanese coalition is hardly new territory in this pasta-loving country, but Mishika is a different kind of mash-up. To start with, the space isn't really a restaurant at all. During the day, grandma sells cigarettes out of the small space. When the sun goes down, grandson fires up the burners as a crowd of thirtysomething Osakans drink Spritz and fill up on charcuterie, sashimi, and funky hybrids like spaghetti sauced with grated daikon and crowned with a wedge of ocean-sweet saury tataki. The menu follows no particular rules at all. Nobody seems to notice.”

PastaJapanese CuisineItalian CuisineCoalitionOsakaIzakaya
Book:Rice, Noodle, Fish: Deep Travels Through Japan's Food Culture
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“Humans employ simplified conceptual frameworks and normative cues to make sense of and cope with the infinite complexity of the natural and social world. This is the magical devise that has made our species' amazing trajectory possible, and it relies on our unique capacity for social learning.”

ViolenceMoralityCooperationEvolutionary PsychologyHomo SapiensCoalition
Book:Ideological Fixation: From the Stone Age to Today's Culture Wars
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“Proactive aggression involves lower physiological arousal on the part of the aggressor, yet is likely to result in more lethal outcomes. Lack of social communication, the targeting of vulnerable body parts, and the goal-directed psychology of this type of aggression render it more akin to predation than to reactive aggression. Indeed, the same neural circuits that are activated during predatory behavior are engaged during proactive aggression.”

ReligionAnimalViolenceMoralityAggressionHomo SapiensProactiveReactiveCoalitionCriminal Organization
Author:Candace Alcorta
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“The expansion of the state thus had the effect of gradually diminishing tribal and local boundaries within the same ethnos, and of reducing the differences between separate -ethnies- in multi-ethnic states and empires, subsuming them within supra-ethnic identities, even to the point of creating new, transformed, and larger ethnic identities.”

WarViolenceStateEmpireProactive AggressionCoalition
Book:War in Human Civilization
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“Again, as young males have always been the most aggressive element in society whereas older men were traditionally associated with a counsel of moderation and compromise, it has been suggested that the decline in young men’s relative numbers may contribute to the pacificity of developed societies while explaining the greater belligerency of developing ones, particularly those of Islam.”

WarViolenceFemaleAggressionMaleProactive AggressionCoalition
Book:War in Human Civilization
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