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Quote by Claude Bernard

“Proof that a given condition always precedes or accompanies a phenomenon does not warrant concluding with certainty that a given condition is the immediate cause of that phenomenon. It must still be established that when this condition is removed, the phenomen will no longer appear.”

Quote by Claude Bernard

Book:An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine

Work

An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine

This book serves as a comprehensive guide to the field of experimental medicine, covering the historical context, fundamental concepts, and various experimental techniques. It explores the role of experimentation in advancing medical knowledge and the ethical considerations involved in conducting research on human subjects. more

Author

Claude Bernard was a French physiologist born on July 12, 1813, and died on February 10, 1878. He made significant contributions to the field of physiology, particularly in the study of the digestive system and the nervous system. more

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“The cause, then, philosophically speaking, is the sum total of the conditions, positive and negative, taken together; the whole of the contingencies of every description, which being realized, the consequent invariably follows.”

Whole Together Science Causes Taken Conditions Negative Description Being Real Contingency

Book:A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation

Source: A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation

“The same thing may have all the kinds of causes, e.g. the moving cause of a house is the art or the builder, the final cause is the function it fulfils, the matter is earth and stones, and the form is the definitory formula.”

Kind May Art Matter Earth Moving Form Science House Causes Stones Function Finals Formulas Builder

Book:Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation

Source: Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation

“The student of biology is often struck with the feeling that historians, when dealing with the rise and fall of nations, do not generally view the phenomena from a sufficiently high biological standpoint. To me, at least, they seem to attach too much importance to individual rulers and soldiers, and to particular wars, policies, religions, and customs; while at the same time they make little attempt to extract the fundamental causes of national success or failure.”

“Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.”

Science Causes Natural Effects Occam's Razor

Book:Newton's Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

Source: Newton's Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

“Therefore, the causes assigned to natural effects of the same kind must be, so far as possible, the same.”

Kind Science Causes Natural Effects

Book:Isaac Newton: Philosophical Writings

Source: Isaac Newton: Philosophical Writings

“We have no other notion of cause and effect, but that of certain objects, which have always conjoin'd together, and which in all past instances have been found inseparable. We cannot penetrate into the reason of the conjunction. We only observe the thing itself, and always find that from the constant conjunction the objects acquire an union in the imagination.”

Has Beens Reason Together Past Science Certain Found Causes Imagination Effects Objects Constant Unions Notion Instance Acquire Penetrate Inseparable Cause And Effect Conjunctions

Author:David Hume

“We have to believe that everything has a cause, as the spider spins its web in order to catch flies. But it does this before it knows there are such things as flies.”

Knows Believe Doe Science Order Causes Spiders

Author:Georg C. Lichtenberg

“[A certain class of explanations in science are] analgesics that dull the ache of incomprehension without removing the cause.”

Science Certain Causes Class Explanation Dull Ache Incomprehension

Author:Peter Medawar

“'Men die of the diseases which they have studied most,' remarked the surgeon, snipping off the end of a cigar with all his professional neatness and finish. 'It's as if the morbid condition was an evil creature which, when it found itself closely hunted, flew at the throat of its pursuer. If you worry the microbes too much they may worry you. I've seen cases of it, and not necessarily in microbic diseases either. There was, of course, the well-known instance of Liston and the aneurism; and a dozen others that I could mention.'”

Source: Collected Works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Delphi Classics)

“Atten. Pray of what disease did Mr. Badman die, for now I perceive we are come up to his death? Wise. I cannot so properly say that he died of one disease, for there were many that had consented, and laid their heads together to bring him to his end. He was dropsical, he was consumptive, he was surfeited, was gouty, and, as some say, he had a tang of the pox in his bowels. Yet the captain of all these men of death that came against him to take him away, was the consumption, for it was that that brought him down to the grave.”

Men Ends Together Dies Wise Praying Disease Died Come Up Graves Perceive Consumption Captains Bowels Pox

Book:'Life and Death of Mr Badman' and 'The Holy War'

Source: 'Life and Death of Mr Badman' and 'The Holy War'