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“Dissociation, in a general sense, refers to a rigid separation of parts of experiences, including somatic experiences, consciousness, affects, perception, identity, and memory. When there is a structural dissociation, each of the dissociated self-states has at least a rudimentary sense of "I" (Van der Hart et al., 2004). In my view, all of the environmentally based "psychopathology" or problems in living can be seen through this lens.”

PsychologyChildhoodIdentityPersonalityDepressionPerceptionMemoryTraumaChild AbuseDissociationMultiple Personality DisorderDissociativeMpdAltersParts
Book:The Dissociative Mind
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“Managers usually have extensive knowledge of events and of the system. They are often available to explain to the therapist the internal systemic dilemmas that are not otherwise evident. Generally, they are fairly empty of affect. Another term for managers has been internal self-helpers (Putnam, 1989).”

Dissociative Identity DisorderAlter PersonalitiesDissociative PartsProtectorsPersonality States
Book:Understanding and Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
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“To preemptively protect the child so that the child may anticipate the abuse rather than be surprised by it, protector parts become persecutors modeled on the abusers. Thus, parts who were protectors when the person was a young child may become persecutors in time, holding anger and rage and meting out punishments to other parts of the self.”

Dissociative Identity DisorderAlter PersonalitiesAlter IdentitiesProtectorsPersonality StatesPersecutors
Book:Understanding and Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
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“...when different identity states convey contradictory information and then have amnesia for what the other identity states said, the patient may be thought to be lying. This can appear to be characterological mendacity when it is not.”

LyingMental IllnessDissociative Identity DisorderStigmaLiarAlter PersonalitiesMisdiagnosisPathological LiarFaking
Book:Understanding and Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
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“Does the person report having had the experience of meeting people she does not know but who seem to know her, perhaps by a different name? Often, those with DID are thought by others to be lying because different parts will say different things which the host has no knowledge of.”

LyingMental IllnessDissociative Identity DisorderStigmaMultiple Personality DisorderLiarDissociativeDissociative AmnesiaContradictionsPathological LiarFakingAlter Personalites
Book:Understanding and Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
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“Secondary structural dissociation involves one ANP and more than one EP. Examples of secondary structural dissociation are complex PTSD, complex forms of acute stress disorder, complex dissociative amnesia, complex somatoform disorders, some forms of trauma-relayed personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS).. Secondary structural dissociation is characterized by divideness of two or more defensive subsystems. For example, there may be different EPs that are devoted to flight, fight or freeze, total submission, and so on. (Van der Hart et al., 2004). Gail, a patient of mine, does not have a personality disorder, but describes herself as a "changed person." She survived a horrific car accident that killed several others, and in which she was the driver. Someone not knowing her history might see her as a relatively normal, somewhat anxious and stiff person (ANP). It would not occur to this observer that only a year before, Gail had been a different person: fun-loving, spontaneous, flexible, and untroubled by frightening nightmares and constant anxiety. Fortunately, Gail has been willing to pay attention to her EPs; she has been able to put the process of integration in motion; and she has been able to heal. p134”

PsychologyPersonalityTraumaTherapyPtsdDissociationPsychotherapyStructural DissociationApparently Normal PartEmotional Part
Book:The Dissociative Mind
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“Patients with complex trauma may at times develop extreme reactions to something the therapist has said or not said, done or not done. It is wise to anticipate this in advance, and perhaps to note this anticipation in initial communications with the patient. For example, one may say something like, "It is likely in our work together, there will be a time or times when you will feel angry with me, disappointed with me, or that I have failed you. We should except this and not be surprised if and when it happens, which it probably will." It is also vital to emphasize to the patient that despite the diagnosis and experience of dividedness, the whole person is responsible and will be held responsible for the acts of any part. p174”

ResponsibilityResponsibleDissociative Identity DisorderMental DisorderTraumatizedComplex PtsdTrauma TherapySystem Responsibility
Book:The Dissociative Mind
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