“In competitive archery, risk assessment has minimal bearing on quality of performance, since the archer has so little choice over shot selection. By contrast, in a hunt, shots vary in quality according to how well selected they may be.” WellsMayLittlesChoicesQualityRiskShotsPerformancesContrastSelectionHuntsVarySelectedAssessmentArcherArchery Author:Ernest Sosa
“Normal adults can doodle, amble, and drift with no need to assess risk, since there is normally no risk at all. Jazz improvisation seems less subject to standards of risk than surgery, and less than much formal athletic performance, as in a tennis match.” NeedsSeemsRiskSubjectsNormalStandardsAdultsPerformancesJazzTennisFormalSurgeryAthleticImprovisationJazz ImprovisationAthletic Performance Author:Ernest Sosa
“The success of an archery shot may bring food to the hunter's starving family, or may constitute a horrible murder. But these outcomes are irrelevant to the assessment of that shot as a hunter-archery shot, as an attempt to hit prey without running excessive risk of failure.” MayRunningRiskShotsMurderHorribleOutcomesIrrelevantHuntersPreyStarvingAssessmentArchery Author:Ernest Sosa
“Given its more substantial aim, a judgment is apt only if its constitutive alethic affirmation is not only apt but aptly apt. The subject must attain aptly not only the truth of his affirmation but also its aptness. And that in turn requires not only the proper operation of one's perception, memory, inference, etc., but also that one deploy such competences through competent epistemic risk assessment.” IfsTurnsGivenMemoriesRiskSubjectsJudgmentPerceptionAimOperationsEtcAffirmationCompetenceCompetentAssessmentInference Author:Ernest Sosa
“A hunter archer can also be out to shock by taking crazy shots. What makes his shots "crazy" is set by excessive risk, judged by hunting-archery standards, which would tend to draw agreement from knowledgeable observers.” RiskCrazyDrawsStandardsShotsShockAgreementJudgedHuntingHuntersObserversKnowledgeableArcherArchery Author:Ernest Sosa
“When the risk of failure is too high, the right choice is to forbear.” ChoicesRiskRight Choices Author:Ernest Sosa
“One does not avoid incompetence if one makes an attempt whose likelihood of success is too low. This seems little more than analytic: when the performance is in a domain that imposes standards of risk, attempts may or may not meet such standards. And the relevant competence of agents then includes reliably enough meeting those standards.” IfsMayLittlesDoeEnoughSeemsRiskLowsStandardsPerformancesMeetingsAgentsRelevantDomainCompetenceIncompetenceLikelihoodAnalytics Author:Ernest Sosa
“The risk pertinent to a particular attempt (and to its evaluation as an attempt of its sort) is the risk that the agent will fail to attain the end constitutive of that attempt. This risk of failure is coordinate with how likely or unlikely it may be that the agent will then succeed.” MayEndsFailingRiskParticularSucceedAgentsUnlikelyEvaluationCoordinatesPertinent Author:Ernest Sosa
“If the agent aims to make the attempt if and only if it would be apt, then a distinctive element of risk assessment becomes relevant: How probably would the agent succeed in attempting that fuller end?” IfsEndsWould BeRiskSucceedElementsAimAgentsRelevantAttemptingAssessmentDistinctiveIfs And Author:Ernest Sosa
