“Often war is waged only in order to show valor; thus an inner dignity is ascribed to war itself, and even some philosophers have praised it as an ennoblement of humanity, forgetting the pronouncement of the Greek who said, 'War is an evil in as much as it produces more wicked men than it takes away.'”
Perpetual Peace is a 1795 work by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, written in the form of a peace treaty. It outlines a set of preliminary and definitive articles for establishing perpetual peace among states, including the abolition of standing armies, the prohibition of national debt for external conflict, and the requirement that all states have a republican constitution. Kant argues that peace can be secured through a federation of free states and the promotion of cosmopolitan rights, emphasizing the role of reason and moral law in international relations. The essay is a foundational text in political philosophy and international relations theory, influencing later concepts of collective security and global governance. more
German philosopher, an important representative of the Enlightenment movement, and the founder of the Kantian philosophical system. His thoughts have had a profound impact on the fields of philosophy, ethics, political science, and others. more