“Subjects who reciprocally recognize each other as such, must consider each other as identical, insofar as they both take up the position of subject; they must at all times subsume themselves and the other under the same category. At the same time, the relation of reciprocity of recognition demands the non-identity of one and the other, both must also maintain their absolute difference, for to be a subject implies the claim of individuation.” DifferencesSubjectsIdentityPositionDemandClaimsRelationAbsolutesAll TimeRecognitionCategoriesIdenticalReciprocityIndividuation Author:Jurgen Habermas
“The bourgeois public sphere may be conceived above all as the sphere of private people come together as a public; they soon claimed the public sphere regulated from above against the public authorities themselves, to engage them in a debate over the general rules governing relations in the basically privatized but publicly relevant sphere of commodity exchange and social labor.” PeopleMayTogetherSocialAuthorityLaborRelationDebateSpheresRelevantCommodityGoverningBourgeois Author:Jurgen Habermas
“[Critical social science attempts] to determine when theoretical statements grasp invariant regularities of social action as such and when they express ideologically frozen relations of dependence that can in principle be transformed.” ActionSocialPrinciplesRelationDetermineCriticalStatementsTransformedDependenceFrozenTheoreticalSocial ScienceRegularitySocial Action Author:Jurgen Habermas
“As medium for reaching understanding, speech acts serve: a) to establish and renew interpersonal relations, whereby the speaker takes up a relation to something in the world of legitimate social orders; b) to represent states and events, whereby the speaker takes up a relation to something in the world of existing states of affairs; c) to manifest experiences that is, to represent oneself- whereby the speaker takes up a relation to something in the subjective world to which he has privileged access.” WorldStatesOrderSocialUnderstandingEventsSpeechRelationAffairOneselfAccessMediumsReachingManifestSpeakersPrivilegedSubjectiveSocial OrderInterpersonal Author:Jurgen Habermas
