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Incognito: The Secret Lives of The Brain

Book by David Eagleman · 30 quotes · Brain, Ifs, Way

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Incognito: The Secret Lives of The Brain Quotes

“The deep secret of the brain is that not only the spinal cord but the entire central nervous system works this way: internally generated activity is modulated by sensory input. In this view, the difference between being awake and being asleep is merely that the data coming in from the eyes anchors the perception.”

WayEyeDifferencesViewsSecretBrainActivityPerceptionNervousDataAwakeAnchorsInputNervous SystemSensoryCordsCentral Nervous SystemSpinal Cord
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“We are made up of an entire parliament of pieces and parts and subsystems. Beyond a collection of local expert systems, we are collections of overlapping, ceaselessly reinvented mechanism, a group of competing factions. The conscious mind fabricates stories to explain the sometimes inexplicable dynamics of the subsystem inside brain. It can be disquieting to consider the extent to which all of our actions are driven by hardwired systems doing what they do best while we overlay stories about choices.”

MindMadeSometimesStoriesActionChoicesBrainPiecesGroupsConsciousDrivenLocalsExpertsCollectionsMechanismCompetingParliamentOur ActionsDynamicsFactionsInexplicableConscious MindOverlappingFabricate
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“When one part of the brain makes a choice, other parts can quickly invent a story to explain why. If you show the command "Walk" to the right hemisphere (the one without language), the patient will get up and start walking. If you stop him and ask why he's leaving, his left hemisphere, cooking up an answer, will say something like "I was going to get a drink of water."”

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“The left hemisphere acts as an "interpreter," watching the actions and behaviors of the body and assigning a coherent narrative to these events. And the left hemisphere works this way even in normal, intact brains. Hidden programs drive actions, and the left hemisphere makes justifications. This idea of retrospective storytelling suggests that we come to know our own attitudes and emotions, at least partially, by inferring them from observations of our own behavior.”

KnowsWayIdeasBodyActionLeftEmotionBrainAttitudeEventsBehaviorNormalProgramStorytellingObservationNarrativeJustificationInterpreterHemisphereRetrospective
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“It turns out that dopamine is a chemical on double duty in the brain. Along with its role in motor commands, it also serves as the main messenger in the reward systems, guiding a person toward food, drink, mates, and all things useful for survival. Because of its role in the reward system, imbalances in dopamine can trigger gambling, overeating, and drug addiction - behaviors that result from a reward system gone awry.”

PersonsTurnsResultsBrainRolesGoneDutyDrinkDrugBehaviorSurvivalAll ThingsRewardsAddictionCommandGamblingChemicalsMatesTriggersMotorMessengersDrug AddictionDrug AddictImbalanceDopamineOvereating
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“Many people prefer a view of human nature that includes a true side and a false side - in other words, humans have a single genuine aim and the rest is decoration, evasion, or cover-up. That's intuitive, but it's incomplete. A study of the brain necessitates a more nuanced view of human nature.”

PeopleHumansSidesViewsBrainStudyHuman NatureAimGenuineIntuitiveIncompleteDecorationCover UpsEvasion
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“In the traditionally taught view of perception, data from the sensorium pours into the brain, works its way up the sensory hierarchy, and makes itself seen, heard, smelled, tasted, felt - "perceived." But a closer examination of the data suggests this is incorrect. The brain is properly thought of as a mostly closed system that runs on its own internally generated activity.”

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“Reductionism is not the right viewpoint for everything, and it certainly won't explain the relationship between the brain and the mind. This is because of a feature known as emergence. When you put together large numbers of pieces and parts, the whole can become something greater than the sum.”

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“If you measure someone's brain and see very little activity during a task, it does not necessarily indicate that they're not trying - it more likely signifies that they have worked hard in the past to burn the programs into the circuitry. Consciousness is called in during the first phase of learning and is excluded from the game playing after it is deep in the system.”

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“Societies would _not_ be better off if everyone were like Mr Spock, all rationality and no emotion. Instead, a balance - a teaming up of the internal rivals - is optimal for brains. ... Some balance of the emotional and rational systems is needed, and that balance may already be optimized by natural selection in human brains.”

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