“There are clear differences between child and adult artistic activity. While the child may be aware that he is doing things differently from others, he does not fully appreciate the rules and conventions of symbolic realms; his adventurousness holds little significance. In contrast, the adult artist is fully cognizant of the norms embraced by others; his willingness, his compulsion, to reject convention is purchased, at the very least, with full knowledge of what he is doing and often at considerable psychic cost to himself.” MayChildrenLittlesDoeArtistDifferencesClearCostActivityAdultsAppreciateArtisticRealmsRejectsSignificanceWillingnessConventionsContrastPsychicsNormCompulsionSymbolicCognizant Book:Art, mind, and brain: a cognitive approach to creativity Source: Art, mind, and brain: a cognitive approach to creativity
“It may well be easier to remember a list if one sings it (or dances to it). However, these uses of the 'materials' of an intelligence are essentially trivial. What is not trivial is the capacity to think musically.” IfsThinkingWellsMayUseRememberTeachingMaterialsEasierCapacityListsTeaching Learning Book:Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century Source: Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century
“Being creative means first of all doing something unusual... On the other hand, however unusual it may be, the idea also has to be reasonable for people to take it seriously.” PeopleFirstsMayMeanIdeasHandsCreativeReasonableUnusualBe Creative Author:Howard Gardner
“Don't assume that the way that one searches and researches is the same from one era to another - it isn't. In the 19th century, most research was done by amateurs: either individuals who were rich or individuals who had a day job. In the 20th century, most researchers worked at universities or think tanks and received money from the government or from foundations to pursue their work. In our time, the sources of support and the locations for research may be quite different.” ThinkingWayMayDifferentDoneGovernmentJobsIndividualSupportRichCenturySourceResearchFoundationAssumingUniversityPursueErasOur TimeLocation20th CenturyTanks19th CenturyResearchersDay Jobs Author:Howard Gardner
“Distinguish between the work and the job title. When I was leaving school in the early 1970s, many people wanted to be journalists, carrying out investigative reporting for print newspapers. Print newspapers may not exist in twenty years. But good thinking and good writing about issues that need to be reported and investigated will always be needed; but where this happens, what it is called, and who pays for it may be quite different than could have been envisioned by the great journalists of the past.” PeopleThinkingNeedsWritingYearsMayHas BeensDifferentHappensWantedSchoolJobsPastPayIssuesNeededTwentiesLeavingNewspapersJournalistTitlesPrintCould Have BeenGood WritingGood ThinkingJob TitlesLeaving School Author:Howard Gardner
“While we may continue to use the words smart and stupid, and while IQ tests may persist for certain purposes, the monopoly of those who believe in a single general intelligence has come to an end. Brain scientists and geneticists are documenting the incredible differentiation of human capacities, computer programmers are creating systems that are intelligent in different ways, and educators are freshly acknowledging that their students have distinctive strengths and weaknesses.” WayBelieveHumansMayDifferentEndsUsePurposeCertainBrainStupidStudentsComputerCreatingSmartWeaknessCapacityTestsScientistIntelligentIncrediblesDifferent WaysPersistMonopolyProgrammersEducatorDistinctiveStrength And WeaknessComputer ProgrammersDifferentiationHuman Capacity Author:Howard Gardner
“No individual can be in full control of his fate-our strengths come significantly from our history, our experiences largely from the vagaries of chance. But by seizing the opportunity to leverage and frame these experiences, we gain agency over them. And this heightened agency, in turn, places us in a stronger position to deal with future experiences, even as it may alter our own sense of strengths and possibilities.” MayTurnsOpportunityIndividualChanceDealsFatePossibilityPositionGainsStrongerAgencySeizing Author:Howard Gardner
“A lot of knowledge in any kind of an organization is what we call task knowledge. These are things that people who have been there a long time understand are important, but they may not know how to talk about them. It's often called the culture of the organization.” PeopleKnowsKindMayLongHas BeensImportantCultureKnow HowLong TimeTasksOrganization Author:Howard Gardner
