“Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.” IfsWaySelfTeachModelsRaisesAssuredBetter WaysEfficacySelf EfficacyPerceived Self Author:Albert Bandura
“Accurate processing of information about outcomes is no simple task under the variable conditions of everyday life . . . usually, many factors enter into determining what effects, if any, given actions will have, Actions, therefore, produce outcomes probabilistically rather than certainly. Depending on the particular conjunction of factors, the same course of action may produce given outcomes regularly, occasionally, or only infrequently” IfsMayActionCoursesGivenSimpleConditionsEffectsInformationProduceParticularTasksEverydayFactorsOutcomesAccurateEveryday LifeVariablesProcessingConjunctionsSelf Efficacy Book:Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory Source: Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory
“People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks” PeopleIfsSelfHardEasyDifficultEffortConditionsMastersHard WorkLowsTasksEfficacySelf EfficacyDifficult TasksEasy TasksMinimal Effort Author:Albert Bandura
“From the social cognitive perspective, it is mainly perceived inefficacy to cope with potentially aversive events that makes them fearsome. To the extent that people believe they can prevent, terminate, or lessen the severity of aversive events, they have little reason to be perturbed by them. But if they believe they are unable to manage threats safely, they have much cause for apprehension.” PeopleIfsBelieveLittlesReasonSocialCausesEventsPerspectiveThreatManageApprehensionCognitiveSeveritySelf Efficacy Author:Albert Bandura
“When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience” PeopleIfsMaySelfBeliefConditionsJudgmentPerformancesImportsEfficacyDiscountsSelf Efficacy Author:Albert Bandura
“Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.” IfsTryingProblemWould BeSufferingDemandSolutionsConsequenceEverydayPerformingEveryday LifeCopingSolution To A ProblemSuffering The Consequences Book:Social learning theory Source: Social learning theory
“If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.” IfsHumansSelfPhilosophyLiteratureConsciousnessEducationalCharacteristicsCapabilitySelf Consciousness Author:Albert Bandura
“Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” PeopleIfsHumansIdeasWould BeActionFormEffectsInformationBehaviorGuidesOccasionsRelyHuman BehaviorModelingObservingServing Others Author:Albert Bandura
“If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.” PeopleIfsKnowsSelfBehaveLackingEfficacySelf Efficacy Book:Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory Source: Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory
“If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.” IfsLooksChildrenUseWould BeKidsSocialGrowsCasesGrowing UpPsychologyConditionsCrimeTheoryDrugPsychologicalEmploymentPartnershipCriteriaGhettoBasketsPathology Author:Albert Bandura
