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“The virtue of a faculty is related to the special function which that faculty performs. Now there are three elements in the soul which control action and the attainment of truth: namely, Sensation, Intellect, and Desire. Of these, Sensation never originates action, as is shown by the fact that animals have sensation but are not capable of action.”

SoulFactsActionDesireThreeAnimalVirtueSpecialElementsCapableFunctionIntellectRelatedFacultySensationsAttainment
Book:The Nicomachean ethics
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“In bad or corrupted natures the body will often appear to rule over the soul, because they are in an evil and unnatural condition. At all events we may firstly observe in living creatures both a despotical and a constitutional rule; for the soul rules the body with a despotical rule, whereas the intellect rules the appetites with a constitutional and royal rule. And it is clear that the rule of the soul over the body, and of the mind and the rational element over the passionate, is natural and expedient; whereas the equality of the two or the rule of the inferior is always hurtful.”

MindMayTwoSoulBodyEvilNaturalClearConditionsEventsCreaturesElementsPassionateIntellectRationalAppetiteInferiorsRoyalUnnaturalHurtfulLiving Creatures
Book:Aristotle's Politics: Writings from the Complete Works: Politics, Economics, Constitution of Athens
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“In [the soul] one part naturally rules, and the other is subject, and the virtue of the ruler we maintain to be different from that of the subject; the one being the virtue of the rational, and the other of the irrational part. Now, it is obvious that the same principle applies generally, and therefore almost all things rule and are ruled according to nature.”

DifferentSoulPrinciplesVirtueSubjectsAll ThingsObviousRationalRulersIrrational
Book:Politics
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“Now the soul of man is divided into two parts, one of which has a rational principle in itself, and the other, not having a rational principle in itself, is able to obey such a principle. And we call a man in any way good because he has the virtues of these two parts.”

MenWayTwoSoulAblePrinciplesVirtueRationalDivided
Book:Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation
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“If thinking is like perceiving, it must be either a process in which the soul is acted upon by what is capable of being thought, or a process different from but analogous to that. The thinking part of the soul must therefore be, while impassable, capable of receiving the form of an object; that is, must be potentially identical in character with its object without being the object. Mind must be related to what is thinkable, as sense is to what is sensible.”

IfsThinkingMindDifferentSoulCharacterFormProcessObjectsCapableRelatedThoughtfulSensibleReceivingIdenticalThinkable
Book:On the Soul
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“But then in what way are things called good? They do not seem to be like the things that only chance to have the same name. Are goods one then by being derived from one good or by all contributing to one good, or are they rather one by analogy? Certainly as sight is in the body, so is reason in the soul, and so on in other cases.”

WaySoulReasonBodySeemsNamesChanceCasesSightGoodsAnalogiesContributing
Book:Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation
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“If we state the function of man to be a certain kind of life, and this to be an activity or actions of the soul implying a rational principle, and the function of a good man to be the good and noble performance of these, and if any action is well performed when it is performed in accordance with the appropriate excellence human good turns out to be activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, and if there are more than one virtue, in accordance with the best and most complete.”

IfsMenHumansWellsKindSoulStatesActionCertainTurnsPrinciplesVirtueActivityPerformancesFunctionExcellenceNobleRationalAppropriateGood ManImplyingNicomachean Ethics
Author:Aristotle
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