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Italo Calvino

Italo Calvino Quotes

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“Dall'introduzione sul ruolo sociale di lettrice per passione disinteressata. È un ruolo sociale cui credo, e che è il presupposto del mio lavoro, non solo di questo libro. Né mi dimentico neanche per un minuto (dato che vivo di diritti d'autore) che il lettore è acquirente, che il libro è un oggetto che si vende sul mercato. Chi crede di poter prescindere dall'economicità dell'esistenza e da tutto ciò che essa comporta, non ha mai avuto il mio rispetto.”

“Leggere è sempre questo: c'è una cosa che è lì, una cosa fatta di scrittura, un oggetto solido, materiale, che non si può cambiare, e attraverso questa cosa ci si confronta con qualcos'altro che non è presente, qualcos'altro che fa parte del mondo immateriale, invisibile, perché è solo pensabile, immaginabile, o perché c'è stato e non c'è più, passato, perduto, irraggiungibile, nel paese dei morti... ... O che non è presente perché non c'è ancora, qualcosa di desiderato, di temuto, di possibile o impossibile.”

“Era l' alba quando disse. -Sire, ormai ti ho parlato di tutte le città che conosco. - Ne resta una di cui non parli mai. Marco Polo chinò il capo. - Venezia, - disse il Kan. Marco sorrise. -E di che altro credevi che ti parlassi? L' imperatore non battè ciglio. - Eppure non ti ho mai sentito fare il suo nome. E Polo: - Ogni volta che descrivo una città dico qualcosa di Venezia. - Quando ti chiedo d' altre città, voglio sentirti dire di quelle. E di Venezia, quando ti chiedo di Venezia. - Per distinguere le qualità delle altre, devo partire da una prima città che resta implicita. Per me è Venezia. - Dovresti allora incominciare ogni racconto dei tuoi viaggi dalla partenza, descrivendo Venezia così com'è, tutta quanta, senza omettere nulla di ciò che ricordi di lei. L' acqua del lago era appena increspata; il riflesso di rame dell' antica reggia dei Sung si frantumava in riverberi scintillanti come foglie che galleggiano. - Le immagini della memoria, una volta fissate con le parole, si cancellano, - disse Polo - Forse Venezia ho paura di perderla tutta in una volta, se ne parlo. O forse parlando d' altre città, l'ho già perduta a poco a poco.”

“My mother delayed my enrollment in the Fascist scouts, the Balilla, as long as possible, firstly because she did not want me to learn how to handle weapons, but also because the meetings that were then held on Sunday mornings (before the Fascist Saturday was instituted) consisted mostly of a Mass in the scouts' chapel. When I had to be enrolled as part of my school duties, she asked that I be excused from the Mass; this was impossible for disciplinary reasons, but my mother saw to it that the chaplain and the commander were aware that I was not a Catholic and that I should not be asked to perform any external acts of devotion in church. In short, I often found myself in situations different from others, looked on as if I were some strange animal. I do not think this harmed me: one gets used to persisting in one's habits, to finding oneself isolated for good reasons, to putting up with the discomfort that this causes, to finding the right way to hold on to positions which are not shared by the majority. But above all I grew up tolerant of others' opinions, particularly in the field of religion, remembering how irksome it was to hear myself mocked because I did not follow the majority's beliefs. And at the same time I have remained totally devoid of that taste for anticlericalism which is so common in those who are educated surrounded by religion. I have insisted on setting down these memories because I see that many non-believing friends let their children have a religious education 'so as not to give them complexes', 'so that they don't feel different from the others.' I believe that this behavior displays a lack of courage which is totally damaging pedagogically. Why should a young child not begin to understand that you can face a small amount of discomfort in order to stay faithful to an idea? And in any case, who said that young people should not have complexes? Complexes arise through a natural attrition with the reality that surrounds us, and when you have complexes you try to overcome them. Life is in fact nothing but this triumphing over one's own complexes, without which the formation of a character and personality does not happen.”

“Η κόλαση των ζωντανών δεν είναι κάτι που αφορά το μέλλον. Αν υπάρχει μια κόλαση είναι αυτή που υπάρχει ήδη εδώ, η κόλαση που κατοικούμε καθημερινά, που διαμορφώνουμε με τη συμβίωσή μας. Δυο τρόποι υπάρχουν για να μην υποφέρουμε. Ο πρώτος είναι για πολλούς εύκολος: να αποδεχθούν την κόλαση και να γίνουν τμήμα της μέχρι να μην βλέπουν πια. Ο δεύτερος είναι επικίνδυνος και απαιτεί συνεχή προσοχή και διάθεση για μάθηση: να προσπαθήσουμε να μάθουμε και να αναγνωρίσουμε ποιος και τι, μέσα στην κόλαση, δεν είναι κόλαση, και να του δώσουμε διάρκεια, να του δώσουμε χώρο”

“And yet, in Raissa, at every moment there is a child in a window who laughs seeing a dog that has jumped on a shed to bite into a piece of polenta dropped by a stonemason who has shouted from the top of the scaffolding, "Darling, let me dip into it," to a young servant-maid who holds up a dish of ragout under the pergola, happy to serve it to the umbrella-maker who is celebrating a successful transaction, a white lace parasol bought to display at the races by a great lady in love with an officer who has smiled at her taking the last jump, happy man, and still happier his horse, flying over the obstacles, seeing a francolin flying in the sky, happy bird freed from its cage by a painter happy at having painted it feather by feather, speckled with red and yellow in the illumination of that page in the volume where the philosopher says: "Also in Raissa, city of sadness, there runs an invisible thread that binds one living being to another for a moment, then unravels, then is stretched again between moving points as it draws new and rapid patterns so that at every second the unhappy city contains a happy city unaware of its own existence.”

“When a man rides a long time through wild regions he feels the desire for a city. Finally he comes to Isidora, a city where the buildings have spiral staircases encrusted with spiral seashells, where perfect telescopes and violins are made, where the foreigner hesitating between two women always encounters a third, where cockfights degenerate into bloody brawls among the bettors. He was thinking of all these things when he desired a city. Isidora, therefore, is the city of his dreams: with one difference. The dreamed-of city contained him as a young man; he arrives at Isidora in his old age. In the square there is the wall where the old men sit and watch the young go by; he is seated in a row with them. Desires are already memories.”

“The minute you start saying something - "Ah, how beautiful! We must photograph it!" - you are already close to the view of the person who thinks that everything that is not photographed is lost, as if it had never existed, and that therefore, in order really to live, you must photograph as much as you can, and to photograph as much as you can you must either live in the most photographable way possible or else consider photographable every moment of your life. The first course leads to stupidity, the second is madness.”

“Ogni interpretazione impoverisce il mito e lo soffoca: coi miti non bisogna aver fretta; è meglio lasciarli depositare nella memoria, fermarsi a meditare su ogni dettaglio, ragionarci sopra senza uscire dal loro linguaggio di immagini. La lezione che possiamo trarre da un mito sta nella letteralità del racconto, non in ciò che vi aggiungiamo noi dal di fuori.”

“How well I would write if I were not here! If between the white page and the writing of words and stories that take shape and disappear without anyone's ever writing them there were not interposed that uncomfortable partition which is my person! Style, taste, individual philosophy, subjectivity, cultural background, real experience, psychology, talent, tricks of the trade: all the elements that make what I write recognizable as mine seem to me a cage that restricts my possibilities. If I were only a hand, a severed hand that grasps a pen and writes...who would move this hand? The anonymous throng? The spirit of the times? The collective unconscious? I do not know.”

“My return was sweet, my home refound, but my thoughts were filled only with grief at having lost her, and my eyes gazed at the Moon, for ever beyond my reach, as I sought her. And I saw her. She was there where I had left her, lying on a beach directly over our heads, and she said nothing. She was the colour of the Moon; she held the harp at her side and moved one hand now and then in slow arpeggios. I could distinguish the shape of her bosom, her arms, her thighs, just as I remember them now, just as now, when the Moon has become that flat, remote circle, I still look for her as soon as the first silver appears in the sky, and the more it waxes, the more clearly I imagine I can see her, her or something of her, but only her, in a hundred, a thousand different vistas, she who makes the Moon the Moon and, whenever she is full, sets the dogs to howling all night long, and me with them.”

“Marco Polo describe un puente, piedra por piedra. —¿Pero cuál es la piedra que sostiene el puente? — pregunta Kublai Kan. —El puente no está sostenido por esta piedra o por aquélla — responde Marco—, sino por la línea del arco que ellas forman. Kublai permanece silencioso, reflexionando. Después añade: —¿Por qué me hablas de las piedras? Es sólo el arco lo que me importa. Polo responde: —Sin piedras no hay arco.”

“Pero la ciudad no dice su pasado, lo contiene como las líneas de una mano, escrito en los ángulos de las calles, en las rejas de las ventanas, en los pasamanos de las escaleras, en las antenas de los pararrayos, en las astas de las banderas, surcado a su vez cada segmento por raspaduras, muescas, incisiones, cañonazos. ( Ciudad: Zaira) — las imágenes de la memorias, una vez fijadas por las palabras, se borran -dijo Polo- Quizá a Venecia tengo miedo de perderla toda de una vez, si hablo de ella. O quizá hablando de otras ciudades la he perdido ya poco a poco.”

“In un’epoca in cui altri media velocissimi e di estesissimo raggio trionfano, e rischiano d’appiattire ogni comunicazione in una crosta uniforme e omogenea, la funzione della letteratura è la comunicazione tra ciò che è diverso in quanto è diverso, non ottundendone bensì esaltandone la differenza, secondo la vocazione propria del linguaggio scritto.”

“La letteratura vive solo se si pone degli obiettivi smisurati, anche al di là d’ogni possibilità di realizzazione. Solo se poeti e scrittori si proporranno impresse che nessun altro osa immaginare la letteratura continuerà ad avere una funzione. Da quando la scienza diffida dalle spiegazioni generali e dalle soluzioni che non siano settoriali e specialistiche, la grande sfida per la letteratura è saper tessere insieme i diversi saperi e i diversi codici in una visione plurima, sfaccettata del mondo.”

“Las imágenes de la memoria, una vez fijadas por las palabras, se borran —dijo Polo—. Quizás tengo miedo de perder a Venecia toda de una vez, si hablo de ella. O quizás, hablando de otras ciudades, la he ido perdiendo poco a poco.”

“Benim Marco Polo'mun kalbinde yatan, insanları kentlerde yaşatan gizli nedenleri, krizlerin ötesinde değerleri olan nedenleri keşfetmek. Kentler birçok şeyin bir araya gelmesidir: Anıların, arzuların, bir dilin işaretlerinin. Kentler takas yerleridir, tıpkı bütün ekonomi tarihi kitaplarında anlatıldığı gibi, ama bu değiş-tokuşlar yalnızca ticari takaslar değil; kelime, arzu ve anı değiş-tokuşlarıdır. Kitabım, mutsuz kentlerin içine gizlenmiş, sürekli biçim alıp, yitip giden mutlu kentler imgesi üzerine açılıp kapanıyor.”

“I rumori della città che le notti d'estate entrano dalle finestre aperte nelle stanze di chi non può dormire per il caldo, i rumori veri della città notturna, si fanno udire quando a una cert'ora l'anonimo frastuono dei motori dirada e tace, e dal silenzio vengon fuori discreti, nitidi, graduati secondo la distanza, un passo di nottambulo, il fruscio della bici d'una guardia notturna, uno smorzato lontano schiamazzo, ed un russare dai piani di sopra, il gemito d'un malato, un vecchio pendolo che continua ogni ora a battere le ore.”

“Ludmilla, now you are being read. Your body is being subjected to a systematic reading, through channels of tactile information, visual, olfactory, and not without some intervention of the taste buds. Hearing also has its role, alert to your gasps and your trills. It is not only the body that is, in you, the object of raeding: the body matters insofar as it is part of a complex of elaborate elements, not all visible and not all present, but manifested in visible and present events: the clouding of your eyes, your laughing, the words you speak, your way of gathering and spreading your hair, your initiatives and your reticences, and all the signs that are on the frontier between you and usage and habits and memory and prehistory and fashion, all codes, all the poor alphabets by which one human being believes at certain moments that he is reading another human being.”

“Du hast offenbar die Gewohnheit, mehrere Bücher gleichzeitig zu lesen, dir für die verschiedenen Stunden des Tages verschiedene Lektüren zu wählen. Auch für die verschiedenen Ecken deiner immerhin doch recht kleinen Wohnung: Es gibt Bücher für deinen Nachtisch, andere finden ihren Platz neben dem Sessel, in der Küche oder im Bad. Dies könnte ein wichtiger Zug sein zur Ergänzung deines Porträts: Dein Geist hat innere Wände, mit denen du verschiedene Zeiten voneinander abtrennen kannst, um darin je nachdem innezuhalten oder vorwärtszustürmen und dich abwechselnd auf verschiedene Kanäle zu konzentrieren. Genügt das bereits, um sagen zu können, daß du gern mehrere Leben gleichzeitig leben würdest? Oder sie gar schon lebst? Daß du dein Leben mit einer Person oder in einer bestimmten Umgebung abtrennst von deinem Leben mit anderen oder woanders? Daß du bei jeder neuen Erfahrung von vornherein eine Enttäuschung mit einkalkulierst, die nicht kompensiert werden kann, es sei denn durch die Summe aller Enttäuschungen?”

“Başını kaldırırsan, bir aydınlık göreceksin. Başının üzerinde, doğmakta olan gün, göğü aydınlatıyor: Yüzüne esen, yaprakları kımıldatan rüzgârdır. Yeniden dışarıdasın, köpekler havlıyor, kuşlar uyanıyor, renkler yeryüzüne dönüyor, şeyler yeniden uzayı dolduruyor, canlı varlıklar gene yaşam işaretleri veriyorlar. Hiç kuşkusuz, sen de varsın, burada ortada, dört bir yandan yükselen gürültüler kaynaşması içinde, hareketin uğultusu içinde, pistonların vuruşu içinde, çarkların gıcırtısı içinde. Bir yerlerden, toprağın bir kıvrımından şehir uyanıyor, giderek artan çarpma, vurma, gıcırdama sesleriyle. Artık bir gümbürtü, bir uğultu, bir gürleme bütün boşluğu kaplıyor, bütün seslenmeleri, iç çekişleri, hıçkırıkları içinde eritiyor...”

“A person, for example, reads in adulthood a book that is important for him, and it makes him say, "How could I have lived without reading it!" and also, "What a pity I did not read it in my youth!" Well, these statements do not have much meaning, especially the second, because after he has read that book, his life becomes the life of a person who has read that book, and it is of little importance whether he read it early or late, because now his life before that reading also assumes a form shaped by that reading.”