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Scientific Theory Quotes

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Scientific Theory Quotes

“The young specialist in English Lit, having quoted me, went on to lecture me severely on the fact that in every century people have thought they understood the Universe at last, and in every century they were proved to be wrong. It follows that the one thing we can say about our modern 'knowledge' is that it is wrong. The young man then quoted with approval what Socrates had said on learning that the Delphic oracle had proclaimed him the wisest man in Greece. 'If I am the wisest man,' said Socrates, 'it is because I alone know that I know nothing.' The implication was that I was very foolish because I was under the impression I knew a great deal. Alas, none of this was new to me. (There is very little that is new to me; I wish my correspondents would realize this.) This particular theme was addressed to me a quarter of a century ago by John Campbell, who specialized in irritating me. He also told me that all theories are proven wrong in time. My answer to him was, 'John, when people thought the Earth was flat, they were wrong. When people thought the Earth was spherical, they were wrong. But if you think that thinking the Earth is spherical is just as wrong as thinking the Earth is flat, then your view is wronger than both of them put together.”

WisdomEarthScienceUniverseUnderstandingKnowledgeIgnoranceTheoryWrongGreeceRelativityScientific TheoryAncient GreeceSocratesFlat Earth
Book:The Relativity of Wrong
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“There is a widely held belief that the imagination is not to be trusted and that only things scientifically real and provable can be relied on. Yet, many of your greatest scientific inventions comes from the imagination. [...] Everything in your reality existed as a thought before it existed in reality.”

ScienceImaginationImaginaryImaginativeVisionaryScientific DiscoveryScientific TheoryPower Of ImaginationImagining
Book:Opening to Channel: How to Connect with Your Guide
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“The Earth Speaks, clearly, distinctly, and, in many of the realms of Nature, loudly, to William Jennings Bryan, but he fails to hear a single sound. The earth speaks from the remotest periods in its wonderful life history in the Archaeozoic Age, when it reveals only a few tissues of its primitive plants. Fifty million years ago it begins to speak as 'the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creatures that hath life.' In successive eons of time the various kinds of animals leave their remains in the rocks which compose the deeper layers of the earth, and when the rocks are laid bare by wind, frost, and storm we find wondrous lines of ascent invariably following the principles of creative evolution, whereby the simpler and more lowly forms always precede the higher and more specialized forms. The earth speaks not of a succession of distinct creations but of a continuous ascent, in which, as the millions of years roll by, increasing perfection of structure and beauty of form are found; out of the water-breathing fish arises the air-breathing amphibian; out of the land-living amphibian arises the land-living, air-breathing reptile, these two kinds of creeping things resembling each other closely. The earth speaks loudly and clearly of the ascent of the bird from one kind of reptile and of the mammal from another kind of reptile.”

FactsScienceEvolutionEvidenceBiologyScientific TheoryScopes TrialScopes Monkey TrialWilliam Jennings BryanJohn ScopesMonkey Trial
Author:Henry Fairfield Osborn
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“I think a strong claim can be made that the process of scientific discovery may be regarded as a form of art. This is best seen in the theoretical aspects of Physical Science. The mathematical theorist builds up on certain assumptions and according to well understood logical rules, step by step, a stately edifice, while his imaginative power brings out clearly the hidden relations between its parts. A well constructed theory is in some respects undoubtedly an artistic production. A fine example is the famous Kinetic Theory of Maxwell. ... The theory of relativity by Einstein, quite apart from any question of its validity, cannot but be regarded as a magnificent work of art.”

ArtScienceTheoryDiscoveryLogicMathematicsMathMagnificentScientific TheoryEinsteinMaxwellAlbert EinsteinTheory Of RelativityJames Clerk MaxwellJames MaxwellKinetic Theory
Author:Ernest Rutherford
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“Theories cannot claim to be indestructible. They are only the plough which the ploughman uses to draw his furrow and which he has every right to discard for another one, of improved design, after the harvest. To be this ploughman, to see my labours result in the furtherance of scientific progress, was the height of my ambition, and now the Swedish Academy of Sciences has come, at this harvest, to add the most brilliant of crowns.”

ScienceAmbitionScientistMetaphorImprovementScientific TheoryFallibilityScientific ProgressDestructibilitySwedish Academy Of Sciences
Author:Paul Sabatier
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“First, the idea of the multiverse is essentially the fantasy of preserving perfect information. One of the hard things to deal with in life is the fact that you destroy potential information whenever you make a decision. You could even say that's essentially what regret is: a profound problem of incomplete information. If you select one thing on a diner's menu, you can't know what it would have been like to taste other things on it, right then, right there. When you marry one person, you give up the possibility of knowing what it would have been like to have married any number of others. But if the multiverse exists, you can at least imagine there's another version of you who's eating that other thing you thought about ordering, or who's married to that other man you only went on two dates with. Even if you'll never see all the information for yourself, at least you'll be able to tell yourself that it's there. 'The second reason the multiverse seems like such a neat idea is that it gives human beings just an incredible amount of agency, which they can exercise with the least effort. Why, Carson here created an entire alternate universe when he ordered hash browns on the side of his French toast instead of bacon—' 'Ah, I should have gotten bacon, how could I forget,' Carson said, and attempted to hail the waitress. 'But the history of science shows that any theory that covertly panders to the human ego like that, that puts humans at the center of things, is very likely to be found out wrong, given enough time. So, just for the sake of argument, let's assume that there's just this one universe, and we're stuck with it. What happens to our time traveler then?”

ScienceRegretTime TravelScientific TheoryDexter PalmerMultiverseVersion ControlAlternate Universes
Book:Version Control
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“The difficulties connected with my criterion of demarcation (D) are important, but must not be exaggerated. It is vague, since it is a methodological rule, and since the demarcation between science and nonscience is vague. But it is more than sharp enough to make a distinction between many physical theories on the one hand, and metaphysical theories, such as psychoanalysis, or Marxism (in its present form), on the other. This is, of course, one of my main theses; and nobody who has not understood it can be said to have understood my theory. The situation with Marxism is, incidentally, very different from that with psychoanalysis. Marxism was once a scientific theory: it predicted that capitalism would lead to increasing misery and, through a more or less mild revolution, to socialism; it predicted that this would happen first in the technically highest developed countries; and it predicted that the technical evolution of the 'means of production' would lead to social, political, and ideological developments, rather than the other way round. But the (so-called) socialist revolution came first in one of the technically backward countries. And instead of the means of production producing a new ideology, it was Lenin's and Stalin's ideology that Russia must push forward with its industrialization ('Socialism is dictatorship of the proletariat plus electrification') which promoted the new development of the means of production. Thus one might say that Marxism was once a science, but one which was refuted by some of the facts which happened to clash with its predictions (I have here mentioned just a few of these facts). However, Marxism is no longer a science; for it broke the methodological rule that we must accept falsification, and it immunized itself against the most blatant refutations of its predictions. Ever since then, it can be described only as nonscience—as a metaphysical dream, if you like, married to a cruel reality. Psychoanalysis is a very different case. It is an interesting psychological metaphysics (and no doubt there is some truth in it, as there is so often in metaphysical ideas), but it never was a science. There may be lots of people who are Freudian or Adlerian cases: Freud himself was clearly a Freudian case, and Adler an Adlerian case. But what prevents their theories from being scientific in the sense here described is, very simply, that they do not exclude any physically possible human behaviour. Whatever anybody may do is, in principle, explicable in Freudian or Adlerian terms. (Adler's break with Freud was more Adlerian than Freudian, but Freud never looked on it as a refutation of his theory.) The point is very clear. Neither Freud nor Adler excludes any particular person's acting in any particular way, whatever the outward circumstances. Whether a man sacrificed his life to rescue a drowning, child (a case of sublimation) or whether he murdered the child by drowning him (a case of repression) could not possibly be predicted or excluded by Freud's theory; the theory was compatible with everything that could happen—even without any special immunization treatment. Thus while Marxism became non-scientific by its adoption of an immunizing strategy, psychoanalysis was immune to start with, and remained so. In contrast, most physical theories are pretty free of immunizing tactics and highly falsifiable to start with. As a rule, they exclude an infinity of conceivable possibilities.”

RealitySciencePsychologyPossibilityRevolutionDifficultyInfiniteSocialismClarityTreatmentVagueMarxismPsychoanalysisRuleCruelScientific TheoryFreudPointAdlerSigmund FreudFreudianFalsifiableDemarcationAdlerianAlfred AdlerAlfred W AdlerKarl Heinrich MarxKarl Marx Marx Marxism
Author:Karl Popper
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“You could consider the idea of the multiverse, and think of it as something like a tree—that is, the universe we live in is one of an uncountable number of branches of possible universes, created by random chance and the decisions of sentient beings. So, for instance, when I rang you up in the morning, there was a possible future universe in which you answered the phone, and another in which you did not, and by answering the phone you put us in one universe and not the other. In that instance the time traveler doesn't just move from the future to the past and back to the future: he moves down one branch of the universe, toward the root that's back at the beginning of time, and back up another branch.”

Time TravelScientific TheoryDexter PalmerMultiverseVersion ControlAlternate Universe
Book:Version Control
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“What we are proposing,' Alicia said, 'is that the laws of physics are such that causality violation is subject to a form of version control, one that prevents a forking of history. That instead of causality violation creating an alternate universe, one version of history is outright overwritten by another. One past is replaced with another future. Which means that the memories of the past of the people in that future are replaced with memories of a different past.' Carson interrupted. 'Including the memories of any—' 'Purely hypothetical—' '—time travelers.' 'So take our time traveler from the traditional story,' Carson continued. 'He leaves his utopian future for the past. He kills the butterfly. The Magna Carta is never written. He returns to the dystopian future that his misstep created. But he doesn't see it as a dystopia: he sees it as home, the world he grew up in, the world he left to go back in time. Because he doesn't remember that first future, and has no other world to which he can compare this one. Maybe he even sees it as a utopia. Maybe everyone does. Maybe everyone in this dark place believes that they live in the best of all possible worlds.”

PhysicsTime TravelScientific TheoryDexter PalmerVersion ControlAlternate Universe
Book:Version Control
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“Then you would have acted to change history, but you would have replaced one history with another. You would not be able to know what past version of history you would have altered, because that history would never have happened. Nor would you be able to know what you had done in the past, or that you had done anything at all in the past, or that you had even been to the past. You would not be able to compare histories in your mind; if you entered the causality violation device knowing this, then you would realize that you would be trading one set of memories for another, and that there would never be any evidence, in your mind or in the world, that you had done this.”

Time TravelScientific TheoryDexter PalmerVersion ControlAlternate Histories
Book:Version Control
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“All scientific theories are required to be “falsifiable” and that ipso facto means that none can be true since Truth, by definition, is unfalsifiable. Equally, all scientific theories are required to be verifiable, but nothing can ever definitively verify any scientific theory, and Truth is not in any case something that requires any synthetic a posteriori verification, only analytic a priori proof – the complete opposite! Science is a pragmatic, instrumental subject. It’s the science of appearances, not the science of ultimate reality, of things as they are in themselves, beyond appearance. Only ontological mathematics can address that noumenal, hidden reality. Science is undeniably good at producing theories that allow us to manipulate the “seen world”, but it’s just as bad at producing theories that allow us to manipulate the “unseen world” – which is the religious world in which humanity has always been most interested.”

ScienceSpiritualityScientific Theory
Book:The Sam Harris Delusion
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“I am now convinced that we have recently become possessed of experimental evidence of the discrete or grained nature of matter, which the atomic hypothesis sought in vain for hundreds and thousands of years. The isolation and counting of gaseous ions, on the one hand, which have crowned with success the long and brilliant researches of J.J. Thomson, and, on the other, agreement of the Brownian movement with the requirements of the kinetic hypothesis, established by many investigators and most conclusively by J. Perrin, justify the most cautious scientist in now speaking of the experimental proof of the atomic nature of matter, The atomic hypothesis is thus raised to the position of a scientifically well-founded theory, and can claim a place in a text-book intended for use as an introduction to the present state of our knowledge of General Chemistry.”

MatterNatureTheoryEvidenceProofChemistryAtomsJustificationHypothesisScientific TheoryAtomic TheoryBrownianJ J ThomsonJ Perrin
Book:Grundriss Der Allgemeinen Chemie...
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“As a chief ingredient in the mythology of science, the accumulation of objective facts supposedly controls the history of conceptual change–as logical and self-effacing scientists bow before the dictates of nature and willingly change their views to accommodate the growth of conceptual knowledge. The paradigm for such an idealistic notion remains Huxley’s famous remark about “a beautiful theory killed by a nasty, ugly little fact.” But single facts almost never slay worldviews, at least not right away (and properly so, for the majority of deeply anomalous observations turn out to be wrong)... Anomalous facts get incorporated into existing theories, often with a bit of forced stretching to be sure, but usually with decent fit because most worldviews contain considerable flexibility. (How else could they last so long, or be so recalcitrant to overthrow?)”

ScienceKnowledgeBiasScientific ResearchScientific KnowledgeScientific TheoryScientific Inquiry
Book:Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms: Essays on Natural History
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“The discovery of the telephone has made us acquainted with many strange phenomena. It has enabled us, amongst other things, to establish beyond a doubt the fact that electric currents actually traverse the earth's crust. The theory that the earth acts as a great reservoir for electricity may be placed in the physicist's waste-paper basket, with phlogiston, the materiality of light, and other old-time hypotheses.”

LightScienceTheoryDiscoveryInventionElectricityScientific TheoryTelephoneElectrical Engineer
Author:William Henry Preece
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“Darwin's theory was received in Russia with profound sympathy. While in Western Europe it met firmly established old traditions which it had first to overcome, in Russia its appearance coincided with the awakening of our society after the Crimean War and here it immediately received the status of full citizenship and ever since has enjoyed widespread popularity.”

ScienceTheoryEvolutionRussiaBiologySympathyPopularityCitizenshipScientific TheoryTheory Of EvolutionDarwinWestern EuropeCharles DarwinCrimean War
Author:Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevskiĭ
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“I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period.”

ScienceEvolutionMajorityGlobal WarmingConsensusScientific MethodDarwinismScientific ResearchScientific DiscoveryIntelligent DesignScientific Theory9 11MinorityScientific RevolutionIdMacroevolutionMacro EvolutionSeptember 11 AttacksFluorideScientific InquiryMsgMajority ViewScientific ProcessMinority ViewExcitotoxinsMan Made Global WarmingBisphenol ABpaManmade Global WarmingMonosodium GlutamateDr Jack Cohen Podiatrist
Author:Michael Crichton
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“Regardless of one's point of view, it's quite easy to see that Darwinism is not in the same league as the hard sciences. For instance, Darwinists will often compare their theory favorably to Einsteinian physics, claiming that Darwinism is just as well established as general relativity. Yet how many physicists, while arguing for the truth of Einsteinian physics, will claim that general relativity is as well established as Darwin’s theory? Zero.”

ScienceEvolutionDarwinismScientific TheoryEinsteinMacroevolutionGeneral RelativityMacro EvolutionSpeciationScientific TheoriesHard Science
Book:Uncommon Dissent: Intellectuals Who Find Darwinism Unconvincing
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“I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way.”

ScienceEvolutionMajorityGlobal WarmingConsensusScientific MethodDarwinismScientific ResearchScientific DiscoveryIntelligent DesignScientific Theory9 11MinorityScientific RevolutionIdMacroevolutionMacro EvolutionSeptember 11 AttacksFluorideScientific InquiryMsgMajority ViewScientific ProcessMinority ViewExcitotoxinsMan Made Global WarmingBisphenol ABpaManmade Global WarmingMonosodium Glutamate
Author:Michael Crichton
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“It is difficult even to attach a precise meaning to the term "scientific truth." So different is the meaning of the word "truth" according to whether we are dealing with a fact of experience, a mathematical proposition or a scientific theory. "Religious truth" conveys nothing clear to me at all.”

DifferentFactsScienceDifficultTermReligiousClearTheoryMathematicalPrecisePropositionsScientific TheoryScientific TruthReligious Truth
Book:Essays in Science
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“A religious creed differs from a scientific theory in claiming to embody eternal and absolutely certain truth, whereas science is always tentative, expecting that modification in its present theories will sooner or later be found necessary, and aware that its method is one which is logically incapable of arriving at a complete and final demonstration.”

HumansFormCertainFoundIndividualSocialReligiousHuman NatureAdventureTheoryAuthorityEternalMethodFinalsExpectingCreedsSooner Or LaterIncapableDemonstrationArrivingCohesionModificationScientific Theory
Author:Bertrand Russell
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“Under my definition, a scientific theory is a proposed explanation which focuses or points to physical, observable data and logical inferences. There are many things throughout the history of science which we now think to be incorrect which nonetheless would fit that which would fit that definition. Yes, astrology is in fact one.”

ThinkingFactsTheoryFitDefinitionsDataExplanationLogicalAstrologyInferenceHistory Of ScienceScientific Theory
Author:Michael Behe
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“Although the formulations of science now offer the most advanced knowledge of nature, men continue to use obsolete forms of thought long discarded by scientific theory. In so far as these obsolete forms are superfluous for science, the fact that they persist violated the principle of the economy of thought, that characteristic trait of the bourgeois temper.”

MenLongFactsUseFormPrinciplesEconomyTheoryOffersCharacteristicsTemperTraitsPersistBourgeoisObsoleteSuperfluousDiscardedScientific Theory
Author:Max Horkheimer
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“Capitalism has been fully restored in Yugoslavia, as is well-known, but this capitalism knows how to disguise. Yugoslavia portrays itself as a socialist state, but of a special kind, as the world has never seen it before! The Titoites even boast that their state has nothing in common with the first socialist state which emerged from the socialist October Revolution and which was founded by Lenin and Stalin on the basis of the scientific theory of Marx and Engels.”

KnowsWorldFirstsWellsKindHas BeensStatesCommonKnownKnow HowSpecialTheoryRevolutionCapitalismBasesDisguiseSocialistWell KnownBoastOctoberScientific TheoryYugoslaviaEngelsOctober RevolutionLenin And Stalin
Author:Enver Hoxha
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“My colleague Sen. Rick Santorum, Pennsylvania Republican, erroneously suggested that I support the teaching of intelligent design as an alternative to biological evolution. That simply is not true. ... Unlike biological evolution, intelligent design is not a genuine scientific theory and, therefore, has no place in the curriculum of our nation's public school science classes.”

SchoolNationsClassSupportAtheismTeachingDesignTheoryEvolutionRepublicanIntelligentPositive AtheismGenuineAlternativesColleaguesPublic SchoolCurriculumPennsylvaniaIntelligent DesignScientific TheoryBiological EvolutionScience Class
Author:Edward Kennedy
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“People sometimes try to score debating points by saying, Evolution is only a theory. That is correct, but it's important to understand what that means. It is also only a theory that the world goes round the Sun - it's just a theory for which there is an immense amount of evidence. There are many scientific theories that are in doubt. Even within evolution, there is some room for controversy. But that we are cousins of apes and jackals and starfish, let's say, that is a fact in the ordinary sense of the word.”

PeopleWorldTryingMeanImportantSometimesFactsRoomsSunDoubtAtheismTheoryEvolutionAmountOrdinaryEvidenceRoundsPositive AtheismScoreImmenseCousinControversyApesScientific TheoryJackalsStarfish
Author:Richard Dawkins
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“Scientific theories need reconstruction every now and then. If they didn't need reconstruction they would be facts, not theories. The more facts we know, the less radical become the changes in our theories. Hence they are becoming more and more constant. But take the theory of gravitation; it has not been changed in four hundred years.”

IfsKnowsNeedsYearsFactsWould BeChangeFourChangedTheoryBecomingHundredConstantRadicalNow And ThenBecoming MoreReconstructionScientific TheoryGravitation
Author:Charles Proteus Steinmetz
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“Our acceptance of an ontology is, I think, similar in principle to our acceptance of a scientific theory, say a system of physics;we adopt, at least insofar as we are reasonable, the simplest conceptual scheme into which the disordered fragments of raw experience can be fitted and arranged.”

ThinkingPrinciplesAcceptanceTheoryPhysicsReasonableSchemesSimplestFragmentsOntologyScientific Theory
Book:Quintessence: Basic Readings from the Philosophy of W.V. Quine
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“Journalism only tells us what men are doing; it is fiction that tells us what they are thinking, and still more what they are feeling. If a new scientific theory finds the soul of a man in his dreams, at least it ought not to leave out his day-dreams. And all fiction is only a diary of day-dreams instead of days. And this profound preoccupation of men's minds with certain things always eventually has an effect even on the external expression of the age.”

IfsThinkingMenMindStillsSoulFeelingsDreamAgeCertainFictionEffectsExpressionTheoryOughtProfoundJournalismDiariesPreoccupationScientific Theory
Author:Gilbert K. Chesterton
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“You know how it always is, every new idea, it takes a generation or two until it becomes obvious that there's no real problem. It has not yet become obvious to me that there's no real problem. I cannot define the real problem, therefore I suspect there's no real problem, but I'm not sure there's no real problem.”

KnowsTwoIdeasRealProblemKnow HowGenerationsObviousNot SureSuspectsQuantumNew IdeasQuantum MechanicsReal ProblemsQuantum TheoryScientific Theory
Author:Richard P. Feynman
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“The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.”

ThinkingWayImportantFactsScienceKnowledgeLearningDiscoveryScientistManagementImportant ThingsPhysicsDiscoveringNew WaysWay Of ThinkingQuantum PhysicsScience And TechnologyScientific ResearchNatural ScienceMath And ScienceScientific DiscoveryQuantum TheoryScientific TheoryNew DiscoveriesGreat ScienceScientific FactsScience PhysicsScience TechnologyScience ResearchDiscovery In ScienceNew Ways Of ThinkingScience LifeScience TeacherInspirational ScienceImportance Of Science
Author:William Lawrence Bragg
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“The treatment of the indeterminacy principle as absolute and final can then be criticized as constituting an arbitrary restriction on scientific theories, since it does not follow from the quantum theory as such, but rather from the assumption of the unlimited validity of certain of its features, an assumption that can in no way ever be subjected to experimental proof.”

WayDoeScienceCertainPrinciplesTheoryAbsolutesFinalsProofFeaturesAssumptionTreatmentQuantumUnlimitedMechanicArbitraryRestrictionQuantum MechanicsValidityQuantum TheoryScientific Theory
Book:Causality and Chance in Modern Physics
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“Evolution as described by Charles Darwin is an scientific theory, abundantly reconfirmed, explaining physical phenomena by physical causes. Intelligent Design is a faith-based initiative in rhetorical argument. Should we teach I.D. in America's public schools? Yes, let's do - not as science, but alongside other spiritual beliefs, such as Islam, Zoroastrianism and the Hindu Idea that Earth rests on Chukwa, the giant turtle.”

ShouldIdeasSchoolEarthAmericaSpiritualBeliefCausesTeachDesignTheoryEvolutionArgumentIntelligentIslamGiantsInitiativeExplainingPublic SchoolTurtlesIntelligent DesignScientific TheoryRhetoricalFaith BasedSpiritual Beliefs
Author:David Quammen
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“The great tragedy of science - the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.”

FactsBeautifulScienceEducationBeautyScientistTragedyUglyPhysicsHypothesisScience And ReligionQuantum PhysicsScientific ResearchQuantum TheoryScience ReligionScientific TheoryGreat ScienceGreat ScientistScientific FactsScience PhysicsGreat TragedySlayingTheory And PracticeScience EducationFunny ScienceBest ScienceScience ResearchScience LifeInformation ScienceScientist Life
Author:Thomas Huxley
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