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Richard Dawkins

Richard Dawkins Quotes

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Famous Richard Dawkins Quotes

“Если кембриджский теолог — христианин стандартного толка, то сам он, по всей видимости, верит в ту или иную комбинацию следующих утверждений: • В праотеческие времена девственница родила сына без вмешательства мужчины. • Этот сын, не имевший биологического отца, навестил усопшего друга по имени Лазарь, от которого уже исходил трупный запах, и тот незамедлительно ожил. • Этот же не имеющий отца человек вернулся к жизни через три дня после собственной смерти и погребения. • Через сорок дней этот человек взошёл на вершину горы, и его тело вознеслось в небо. • Если беззвучно прокручивать мысли в собственной голове, то не имеющий отца человек и его «отец» (который одно временно является им самим) услышит их и, возможно, как-то отреагирует. Он в состоянии одновременно прослушивать мысли всех людей, живущих на свете. • Когда вы делаете что-либо плохое или хорошее, не имеющий отца человек это видит, даже если это больше никому не известно. Вы получите соответствующее наказание или поощрение; возможно, это произойдёт после вашей смерти. • Девственница мать человека, не имеющего отца, никогда не умирала; её тело вознеслось на небо. • Хлеб и вино, получившие благословение священника (который должен иметь мужские половые органы), «становятся» телом и кровью не имеющего отца человека.”

Religion
Book:Бог как иллюзия
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“Дядя Лота — Авраам — является основателем всех трёх «великих» монотеистических религий. Благодаря своему патриаршему статусу он достоин служить образцом для подражания разве что чуть меньше самого бога. Но кто из современных моралистов согласился бы следовать его примеру? Ещё на заре своей долгой жизни Авраам, чтобы пережить голод, в сопровождении жены Сарры отправился в Египет. Сообразив, что египтяне, возможно, соблазнятся его красавицей женой и это поставит жизнь мужа под угрозу, он решает выдать её за свою сестру. Как таковую её забирают в гарем фараона, который, соответственно, осыпает Авраама почестями. Богу, однако, эта ловкая проделка пришлась не по вкусу, и он наслал болезнь на фараона и дом его (интересно, почему не на Авраама?). Расстроенный, как нетрудно догадаться, фараон поинтересовался, почему Авраам скрыл от него, что Сарра — его жена, затем вернул её Аврааму и выпроводил обоих из Египта (Быт. 12:18–19). Как ни поразительно, впоследствии эта парочка пыталась сыграть такую же шутку с Авимелехом, царём Герарским. Авраам и его уговорил жениться на Сарре, выдав её за сестру (Быт. 20:2–5). Позднее тот, в сходных с фараоном выражениях, выразил своё возмущение; и трудно им обоим не посочувствовать. И не является ли это очередное повторение текста дополнительным свидетельством его ненадёжности?”

Religion
Book:Бог как иллюзия
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“Рассмотрим представление о Боге. Мы не знаем, как оно возникло в мимофонде. Возможно, оно возникало многократно путем независимых «мутаций». Во всяком случае это очень старая идея. Как она реплицируется? С помощью устного и письменного слова, подкрепляемого великой музыкой и изобразительным искусством. Почему эта идея обладает такой высокой выживаемостью? Напомним, что в данном случае «выживаемость» означает не выживание гена в генофонде, а выживание мима в мимофонде. На самом деле вопрос состоит в следующем: в чем та «особость» идеи о Боге, которая придает ей такую стабильность и способность проникать в культурную среду? Выживаемость хорошего мима, входящего в мимофонд, обусловливается его большой психологической привлекательностью. Идея Бога дает на первый взгляд приемлемый ответ на глубокие и волнующие вопросы о смысле существования. Она позволяет надеяться, что несправедливость на этом свете может быть вознаграждена на том свете. «Всегда протянутые руки», готовые поддержать нас в минуты нашей слабости, которые, подобно плацебо, отнюдь не теряют своей действенности, хотя и существуют лишь в нашем воображении. Вот некоторые из причин, по которым идея Бога с такой готовностью копируется последовательными поколениями индивидуальных мозгов. Бог существует, пусть лишь в форме мима с высокой выживаемостью или инфекционностью, в среде, создаваемой человеческой культурой.”

ReligionEvolutionMemetics
Book:Эгоистичный ген
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“Isaac Asimov ofera o ilustrare dramatica: este ca si cum toata materia din univers ar fi un bob de nisip, asezat in mijlocul unei camere goale cu lungimea, inaltimea si latimea de 32 km. Si totusi, in acelasi timp, este ca si cum acel bob unic de nisip a fost pulverizat intr-o mie de milioane de milioane de milioane de fragmente, pentru ca acesta e numarul aproximativ de stele din univers. Acestea sunt unele dintre faptele astronomiei si puteti vedea cat sunt de frumoase.”

UniversAstronomieStele
Book:Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
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“The point of the prey being paralysed rather than killed, by the way, is that they don't decay but are eaten alive and are therefore fresh. It was macabre habit, in the related Ichneumon wasp, that provoked Darwin to write: 'I cannot persuade myself that a beneficent and omnipotent god would have designedly created the Ich-neumonidae with the express intention of their feeding within the living bodies of caterpillars...' He might as well have used the example of a french chef boiling lobsters alive to preserve their flavor.”

GeneticsNatural SelectionPopular ScienceRichard Dawkins
Book:The Selfish Gene
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“Es tan fuerte el prejuicio a favor de nuestra especie, inspirado en nuestra actitud cristiana, que el aborto de un solo zigoto humano (la mayoría de ellos están destinados, de todas maneras, a abortar espontáneamente), puede generar más preocupación moral y más justa indignación que la vivisección de un número indeterminado de chimpancés adultos.”

FeminismoSociedadAbortoAntropocentrismoMujeres Malas
Book:The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
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“The long-lived gene as an evolutionary unit is not any particular physical structure but the textual archival information that is copied on down the generations. [I]t is widely distributed in space among different individuals, and widely distributed in time over many generations. [A] successful gene will be one that does well in the environments provided by these other genes that it is likely to meet in lots of different bodies.”

EvolutionGeneticsSelfish GeneSelfish Gene Theory
Book:The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
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“A despeito de todas as aparências, os únicos relojoeiros da natureza são as forças cegas da física, ainda que atuem de um modo muito especial. Um verdadeiro relojoeiro tem antevisão: ele projeta suas molas e engrenagens e planeja suas conexões imaginando o resultado final com um propósito em mente. A seleção natural, o processo cego, inconsciente e automático que Darwin descobriu e que agora sabemos ser a explicação para a existência e para a forma aparentemente premeditada de todos os seres vivos, não tem nenhum propósito em mente”

DarwinismoSeleção Natural
Book:The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
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“We are going to die, and that makes us the lucky ones. Most people are never going to die because they are never going to be born. The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia. Certainly those unborn ghosts include greater poets than Keats, scientists greater than Newton. We know this because the set of possible people allowed by our DNA so massively exceeds the set of actual people. In the teeth of these stupefying odds it is you and I, in our ordinariness, that are here.We privileged few, who won the lottery of birth against all odds, how dare we whine at our inevitable return to that prior state from which the vast majority have never stirred?”

InspirationalScienceDeathWonder
Book:Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
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“Let us remind ourselves of the terminology. A theist believes in a supernatural intelligence who, in addition to his main work of creating the universe in the first place, is still around to oversee and influence the subsequent fate of his initial creation. In many theistic belief systems, the deity is intimately involved in human affairs. He answers prayers; forgives or punishes sins; intervenes in the world by performing miracles; frets about good and bad deeds, and knows when we do them (or even think about doing them). A deist, too, believes in a supernatural intelligence, but one whose activities were confined to setting up the laws that govern the universe in the first place. The deist God never intervenes thereafter, and certainly has no specific interest in human affairs. Pantheists don't believe in a supernatural God at all, but use the word God as a non-supernatural synonym for Nature, or for the Universe, or for the lawfulness that governs its workings. Deists differ from theists in that their God does not answer prayers, is not interested in sins or confessions, does not read our thoughts and does not intervene with capricious miracles. Deists differ from pantheists in that the deist God is some kind of cosmic intelligence, rather than the pantheist's metaphoric or poetic synonym for the laws of the universe. Pantheism is sexed-up atheism. Deism is watered-down theism.”

TheistDeistPantheist
Book:The God Delusion
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“We are uneasily aware that a similar catastrophe[, that of an immense meteorite or comet hitting the earth and causing massive global extinction,] could hit us at any moment... [T]he odds that it will happen in some unfortunate individual's lifetime are near certainty... And the unfortunate individuals concerned will probably not be human, for statistical likelihood is that we shall be extinct before that anyway.”

Extinction Of ManMan S Legacy
Book:The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution
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“The total amount of suffering per year in the natural world is beyond all decent contemplation. During the minute that it takes me to compose this sentence, thousands of animals are being eaten alive, many others are running for their lives, whimpering with fear, others are slowly being devoured from within by rasping parasites, thousands of all kinds are dying of starvation, thirst, and disease. It must be so. If there ever is a time of plenty, this very fact will automatically lead to an increase in the population until the natural state of starvation and misery is restored. In a universe of electrons and selfish genes, blind physical forces and genetic replication, some people are going to get hurt, other people are going to get lucky, and you won't find any rhyme or reason in it, nor any justice. The universe that we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil, no good, nothing but pitiless indifference.”

SciencePurposeSufferingFearDesignEvolutionDiseaseIndifferenceBiologyStarvationNatural Selection
Book:River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
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“It's been suggested that if the super-naturalists really had the powers they claim, they'd win the lottery every week. I prefer to point out that they could also win a Nobel Prize for discovering fundamental physical forces hitherto unknown to science. Either way, why are they wasting their talents doing party turns on television? By all means let's be open-minded, but not so open-minded that our brains drop out.”

ScienceAtheismTelevisionOpen MindedGood AdviceNobel PrizeSuggestion
Author:Richard Dawkins
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“You could give Aristotle a tutorial. And you could thrill him to the core of his being. Aristotle was an encyclopedic polymath, an all time intellect. Yet not only can you know more than him about the world. You also can have a deeper understanding of how everything works. Such is the privilege of living after Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Planck, Watson, Crick and their colleagues. I'm not saying you're more intelligent than Aristotle, or wiser. For all I know, Aristotle's the cleverest person who ever lived. That's not the point. The point is only that science is cumulative, and we live later.”

ScienceUnderstandingKnowledgeIntellectNewtonWatsonEinsteinDarwinPlanckAristotleCharles DarwinAlbert EinsteinIsaac NewtonPolymathJames WatsonMax PlanckCrickFrancis CrickJames D Watson
Author:Richard Dawkins
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“In very different ways, the possibility that the universe is teeming with life, and the opposite possibility that we are totally alone, are equally exciting. Either way, the urge to know more about the universe seems to me irresistible, and I cannot imagine that anybody of truly poetic sensibility could disagree.”

LifeScienceUniverseWonderAstronomyExtraterrestrial Life
Book:Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
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“If the history-deniers who doubt the fact of evolution are ignorant of biology, those who think the world began less than ten thousand years ago are worse than ignorant, they are deluded to the point of perversity. They are denying not only the facts of biology but those of physics, geology, cosmology, archaeology, history and chemistry as well.”

Science
Book:The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
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“Different sorts of survival machine appear very varied on the outside and in their internal organs. An octopus is nothing like a mouse, and both are quite different from an oak tree. Yet in their fundamental chemistry they are rather uniform, and, in particular, the replicators that they bear, the genes, are basically the same kind of molecule in all of us—from bacteria to elephants. We are all survival machines for the same kind of replicator—molecules called DNA— but there are many different ways of making a living in the world, and the replicators have built a vast range of machines to exploit them. A monkey is a machine that preserves genes up trees, a fish is a machine that preserves genes in the water; there is even a small worm that preserves genes in German beer mats. DNA works in mysterious ways.”

ScienceEvolutionary Biology
Book:The Selfish Gene
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“Os livros de física podem ser complicados, mas eles, assim como os carros e os computadores, são produtos de objetos biológicos - cérebros humanos. Os objetos e os fenômenos que um livro de física descreve são mais simples que uma única célula do corpo de seu autor. E o autor consiste em trilhões de células, muitas delas diferentes umas das outras, organizadas com arquitetura intrincada e engenharia de precisão para formar uma máquina capaz de escrever um livro.”

ScienceDawkins
Book:The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
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“Некоторые критики ошибочно считают, что «Эгоистичный ген» проповедует эгоизм как нравственный принцип, которого мы должны придерживаться в жизни! Другие (возможно, потому, что они прочитали только заглавие книги или не пошли дальше первых двух страниц) полагают, что по моему мнению эгоизм и другие скверные черты характера составляют неотъемлемую часть человеческой природы, нравится нам это или нет. В эту ошибку легко впасть, если вы считаете, как, по-видимому, полагают непостижимым образом многие другие люди, что генетическая «детерминированность» дана нам навсегда, что она абсолютна и необратима. На самом же деле гены «детерминируют» поведение лишь в статистическом смысле (см. также с. 44–47). Хорошей аналогией этому служит широко распространенное мнение, что красный закат обещает ясную погоду на следующий день. Возможно, что по статистике красный закат действительно предвещает великолепную погоду назавтра, но никто не станет заключать об этом пари на крупную сумму. Мы прекрасно знаем, что на погоду действует множество факторов и притом очень сложными путями. Любое предсказание погоды подвержено ошибкам. Это всего лишь предсказание, опирающееся на статистику. Мы не считаем, что красные закаты бесспорно определяют хорошую погоду назавтра и точно так же мы не должны считать гены окончательными детерминантами чего бы то ни было. Нет никаких причин, чтобы влияние генов нельзя было повернуть в противоположную сторону с помощью других воздействий.”

SciencePsychologyBiologyGeneticsEthology
Book:Эгоистичный ген
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“A foreign publisher of [The Selfish Gene] confessed that he could not sleep for three nights after reading it, so troubled was he by what he saw as its cold, bleak message. Others have asked me how I can bear to get up in the mornings. A teacher from a distant country wrote to me reproachfully that a pupil had come to him in tears after reading the same book, because it had persuaded her that life was empty and purposeless. He advised her not to show the book to any of her friends, for fear of contaminating them with the same nihilistic pessimism. Similar accusation of barren desolation, of promoting an arid and joyless message, are frequently flung at science in general, and it is easy for scientists to play up to them. My colleague Peter Atkins begins his book *The Second Law* (1984) in this vein: 'We are the children of chaos, and the deep structure of change is decay. At root, there is only corruption, and the unstemmable tide of chaos. Gone is purpose; all that is left is direction. This is the bleakness we have to accept as we peer deeply and dispassionately into the heart of the Universe.' But such very proper purging of saccharine false purpose; such laudable tough-mindedness in the debunking of cosmic sentimentality must not be confused with a loss of personal hope. Presumably there is indeed no purpose in the ultimate fate of the cosmos, but do any of us really tie our life's hopes to the ultimate fate of the cosmos? Of course we don't; not if we are sane. Our lives are ruled by all sorts of closer, warmer, human ambitions and perceptions. To accuse science of robbing life of the warmth that makes it worth living is so preposterously mistaken, so diametrically opposite to my own feelings and those of most working scientists, I am almost driven to the despair of which I am wrongly suspected. But in this book I shall try a more positive response, appealing to the sense of wonder in science because it is so sad to think what these complainers and naysayers are *missing*. This is one of the things that the late Carl Sagan did so well, and for which he is sadly missed. The feeling of awed wonder that science can give us is one of the highest experiences of which the human psyche is capable. It is truly one of the things that makes life worth living and it does so, if anything, more effectively if it convinces us that the time we have for living is finite.”

PhilosophyScience
Book:Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
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“If Nature were kind, She would at least make the minor concession of anesthetizing caterpillars before they were eaten alive from within. But Nature is neither kind nor unkind. She is neither against suffering nor for it. Nature is not interested in suffering one way or the other unless it affects the survival of DNA. It is easy to imagine a gene that, say, tranquilizes gazelles when they are about to suffer a killing bite. Would such a gene be favored by natural selection? Not unless the act of tranquilizing a gazelle improved that gene’s chances of being propagated into future generations. It is hard to see why this should be so, and we may therefore guess that gazelles suffer horrible pain and fear when they are pursued to the death– as many of them eventually are.”

DeathSufferingNatureKindnessCrueltyIndifference
Book:River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
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“Evolution is a theory in a special philosophical sense of science, but in terms of ordinary laymen's use of language, it's a fact, .. Evolution is a fact in the same sense that it's a fact that the Earth is round and not flat, [that] the Earth goes round the Sun. Both those are also theories, but they're theories that have never been disproved and never will be disproved.”

FactsUseEarthLanguageTermSunSpecialTheoryEvolutionOrdinaryPhilosophicalRoundsFlatsLaymanUse Of Language
Author:Richard Dawkins
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