Quotessence
Home / Authors / Jonathan Haidt Books
Jonathan Haidt

Jonathan Haidt Books

Psychologist

Related Quotes

“Girls in virtual networks are subjected to hundreds of times more social comparison than girls had experienced for all of human evolution. They are exposed to more cruelty and bullying because social media platforms incentivize and facilitate relational aggression. Their openness and willingness to share emotions with other girls espouses them to depression and other disorders. The twisted incentive structures of social media reward the most extreme presentations of symptoms.”

SexWomenCompetitionSocial MediaAdulthoodEvolutionary PsychologyEating DisordersCriticPerfect Body
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“Socially prescribed perfectionism is closely related to anxiety; people who suffer from anxiety are more prone to it. Being a perfectionist also increases your anxiety because you fear the shame of public failure from everything you do. And, as you’d expect by this point in the story, socially prescribed perfectionism began rising, across the Anglosphere nations, in the early 2010s.”

WomenShameSocial MediaBody ImagePerfectionismEating Disorder
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“Baumeister's point is that we have a deep need to understand violence and cruelty through what he calls "the myth of pure evil." Of this myth's many parts, the most important are that evildoers are pure in their evil motives (they have no motives for their actions beyond sadism and greed); victims are pure in their victimhood (they did nothing to bring about their victimization); and evil comes from outside and is associated with a group or force that attacks our group. Furthermore, anyone who questions the application of the myth, who dares muddy the waters of moral certainty, is in league with evil.”

EvilMyth
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“While fear triggers the full response system at the moment of danger, anxiety triggers parts of the same system when a threat is merely perceived as possible. It is healthy to be anxious and on alert when one is in a situation where there really could be dangers lurking. But when our alarm bell is on a hair trigger so that it is frequently activated by ordinary events- including many that pose no real threat-it keeps us in a perpetual state of distress. This is when ordinary, healthy, temporary anxiety turns into an anxiety disorder.”

FearHealthAnxietyDisorderEvolutionary Psychology
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“We humans have a dual nature—we are selfish primates who long to be a part of something larger and nobler than ourselves. We are 90 percent chimp and 10 percent bee. If you take that claim metaphorically, then the groupish and hivish things that people do will make a lot more sense. It’s almost as though there’s a switch in our heads that activates our hivish potential when conditions are just right.”

Human NatureIndividualismCollectivism
Book:The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
Create image

“Over and over again, psychologists find that the human mind reacts to bad things more quickly, strongly and persistenly than to equivalent good things. We can't just will ourselves to see everything as good because our minds are wired to find and react to threats, violations, and setbacks.”

MindHappinessPositiveDepressionNegativeGoodBad
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Here is Epictetus, in the first century CE, lamenting the human tendency to let others control our emotions: If your body was turned over to just anyone, you would doubtless take exception. Why aren't you ashamed that you have made your mind vulnerable to anyone who happens to criticize you, so that it automatically becomes confused and upset? Anyone who checks their "mentions" on social media, or has ever been thrown for a loop by what somebody posted about them, will understand Epictetus's concern.”

MindEmotionsCriticismSocial MediaHuman Tendendancy
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“I quickly realized that there are two main kinds of diversity—demographic and moral. ... Once you make this distinction, you see that nobody can coherently even want moral diversity. If you are pro-choice on the issue of abortion, would you prefer that there be a wide variety of opinions and no dominant one? Or would you prefer that everyone agree with you and the laws of the land reflect that agreement? If you prefer diversity on an issue, the issue is not a moral issue for you; it is a matter of personal taste.”

MoralityDiversity
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“The philosopher Edmund Pincoffs has argued that consequentialists and deontologists worked together to convince Westerners in the twentieth century that morality is the study of moral quandaries and dilemmas. Where the Greeks focused on the character of a person and asked what kind of person we should each aim to become, modern ethics focuses on actions, asking when a particular action is right or wrong. ... This turn from character ethics to quandary ethics has turned moral education away from virtues and toward moral reasoning. If morality is about dilemmas, then moral education is training in problem solving.”

CharacterEducationEthics
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Children growing up after the Great Rewiring skip through multiple networks whose nodes are a mix of known and unknown people, some using aliases and avatars, many of whom will have vanished by next year, or perhaps by tomorrow. Life in these networks is often a daily tornado of memes, fads, and ephemeral micro-dramas, played out among a rotating cast of millions of bit players. They have no roots to anchor them or nourish them; they have no clear set of norms to constrain them and guide them on the path to adulthood.”

ChildrenChildhoodInternetSocial MediaGreat Rewiring
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“Morality binds and blinds. This is not just something that happens to people on the other side. We all get sucked into tribal moral communities. We circle around sacred values and then share post hoc arguments about why we are so right and they are so wrong. We think the other side is blind to truth, reason, science, and common sense, but in fact everyone goes blind when talking about their sacred objects. If you want to understand another group, follow the sacredness. As a first step, think about the six moral foundations, and try to figure out which one or two are carrying the most weight in a particular controversy. And if you really want to open your mind, open your heart first. If you can have at least one friendly interaction with a member of the “other” group, you’ll find it far easier to listen to what they’re saying, and maybe even see a controversial issue in a new light. You may not agree, but you’ll probably shift from Manichaean disagreement to a more respectful and constructive yin-yang disagreement.”

ReasonTruthScienceMoralityDisagreement
Book:The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
Create image

“Sports are not exactly spiritual, but playing them depends on some of spirituality’s key ingredients for bonding people together, like coordinated and collective physical movement and group celebrations. Research consistently shows that teen who play team sports are happier than those who don’t. humans are embodied; a phone-based life is not. Screens lead us to forget that our physical bodies matter.”

ReligionCommunitySocietyRitualEvolutionary PsychologyBondCohesionCollective Effervescence
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“The simple act of eating together, especially from the same plate or serving dish, strengthens that bond and reduces the likelihood of conflict. This is one deficiency the virtual world can never overcome, no matter how good VR gets.”

ReligionCommunitySocietyRitualEvolutionary PsychologyBondCohesionCollective Effervescence
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“In short, there is no consensual structuring of time, space, or objects around which people can use their ancient programming for sacredness to create religious or quasi-religious communities. Everything is available to every individual, all the time, with little or no effort. There is no Sabbath and there are no holy days. Everything is profane. Living in a world of structureless anomie makes adolescents more vulnerable to online recruitment into radical political movements that offer moral clarity and a moral community, thereby pulling them further away from their in-person communities.”

CommunitySocietyRitualEvolutionary PsychologyBondCohesionSmartphonesGen ZVirtual Life
Book:The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
Create image

“Happiness is not something that you can find, acquire, or achieve directly. You have to get the conditions right and then wait. Some of those conditions are within you, such as coherence among the parts and levels of your personality. Other conditions require relationships to things beyond you: Just as plants need sun, water, and good soil to thrive, people need love, work, and a connection to something larger. It is worth striving to get the right relationships between yourself and others, between yourself and your work, and between yourself and something larger than yourself. If you get these relationships right, a sense of purpose and meaning will emerge.”

HappinessHappiness Life
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Those who think money can't buy happiness just don't know where to shop … People would be happier and healthier if they took more time off and spent it with their family and friends, yet America has long been heading in the opposite direction. People would be happier if they reduced their commuting time, even if it meant living in smaller houses, yet American trends are toward even larger houses and ever longer commutes. People would be happier and healthier if they took longer vacations even if that meant earning less, yet vacation times are shrinking in the United States, and in Europe as well. People would be happier, and in the long run and wealthier, if they bought basic functional appliances, automobiles, and wristwatches, and invested the money they saved for future consumption; yet, Americans and in particular spend almost everything they have – and sometimes more – on goods for present consumption, often paying a large premium for designer names and superfluous features.”

HappinessMoneyFamilyFriendsVacationConspicuous ConsumptionCommute
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Moral matrices bind people together and blind them to the coherence, or even existence, of other matrices. This makes it very difficult for people to consider the possibility that there might really be more than one form of moral truth, or more than one valid framework for judging people or running a society.”

PsychologyMorality
Book:The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
Create image

“The difference between "can" and "must" is the key to understanding the profound effects of self-interest on reasoning . . . The social psychologist Tom Gilovich studies the cognitive mechanisms of strange beliefs. His simple formulation is that when we WANT to believe something, we ask ourselves, "Can I believe it?" Then, we search for supporting evidence, and if we find even a single piece of pseudo-evidence, we can stop thinking. We now have permission to believe. We have a justification, in case anyone asks. In contrast, when we DON'T want to believe something, we ask ourselves, "Must I believe it?" Then we search for contrary evidence, and if we find a single reason to doubt the claim, we can dismiss it. You only need one key to unlock the handcuffs of "must." Psychologists now have file cabinets full of findings on "motivated reasoning," showing the many tricks people use to reach the conclusions they want to reach.”

DoubtPsychologyEvidenceReasoningBeliefsSelf InterestSocial Psychology
Author:Jonathan Haidt
Create image

“In 2010, the cultural psychologists Joe Henrich, Steve Heine, and Ara Norenzayan published a profoundly important article titled "The Weirdest People in the World?" The authors pointed out that nearly all research in psychology is conducted on a very small subset of the human population: people from cultures that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (forming the acronym WEIRD). They then reviewed dozens of studies showing that WEIRD peopl are statistical outliers; they are the least typical, least representative people you could study if you want to make generalizations about human nature. Even within the West, Americans are more extreme outliers than Europeans, and within the United States, the educated upper middle class is the most unusual of all. Several of the peculiarities of WEIRD culture can be captured in this sample generalization: The WEIRDer you are, the more you see a world full of separate objects rather than relationships.”

CulturePsychologyResearchWestern CultureCultural Psychology
Author:Jonathan Haidt
Create image

“It is change that contains vital information, not steady states. Human beings, however, take adaptation to cognitive extremes. We don't just habituate, we recalibrate. We create for ourselves a world of targets, and each time we hit one we replace it with another.”

LifePsychologyTragedyAdaptationCognitiononRecalibration
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Human beings all know that they are going to die, and so human cultures go to great lenghts to construct systems of meaning that dignify life and convince people that their lives have more meaning than those of the animals that die all around them. The extensive regulation of sex in many cultures, the attempt to link love to God and then to cut away the sex, is part of an elaborate defense against the gnawing fear of morality.”

LoveLifeDeathReligionSexMoralityMemento MoriAmantes Sunt Amentes
Book:The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
Create image

“Las cazas de brujas, en general, tienen cuatro atributos: parecen surgir de la nada; incluyen acusaciones de delitos contra el colectivo; las ofensas que dieron lugar a esas acusaciones son a menudo triviales o fabricadas; y las personas que saben que los acusados son inocentes guardan silencio, o en casos extremos, se suman a la multitud.”

CohesionTribalCazaGruposCaceria
Book:The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting up a Generation for Failure
Create image

“. . . decades of research on public opinion have led to the conclusion that self-interest is a weak predictor of policy preferences . . . Rather, people care about their GROUPS, whether those be racial, regional, religious, or political . . . Political opinions function as "badges of social membership." They're like the array of bumper stickers people put on their cars showing the political causes, universities, and sports teams they support. Our politics is groupish, not selfish.”

PoliticsGroupsPolicySocial PsychologyPolitical Opinion
Author:Jonathan Haidt
Create image

“The "omnivore's dilemma" (a term coined by Paul Rozin) is that omnivores must seek out and explore new potential foods while remaining wary of them until they are proven safe. Omnivores therefore go through life with two competing motives: neophilia (an attraction to new things) and neophobia (a fear of new things). People vary in terms of which motive is stronger, and this variation will come back to help us in later chapters: Liberals score higher on measures of neophilia (also known as "openness to experience"), not just for new foods but also for new people, music, and ideas. Conservatives are higher on neophobia; they prefer to stick with what's tried and true, and they care a lot more about guarding borders, boundaries, and traditions.”

ConservativesLiberalsOmnivoreOpenness To Experience
Book:The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
Create image

“People don’t adopt their ideologies at random, or by soaking up whatever ideas are around them. People whose genes gave them brains that get a special pleasure from novelty, variety, and diversity, while simultaneously being less sensitive to signs of threat, are predisposed (but not predestined) to become liberals. They tend to develop certain “characteristic adaptations” and “life narratives” that make them resonate—unconsciously and intuitively—with the grand narratives told by political movements on the left (such as the liberal progress narrative). People whose genes give them brains with the opposite settings are predisposed, for the same reasons, to resonate with the grand narratives of the right (such as the Reagan narrative). Once people join a political team, they get ensnared in its moral matrix. They see confirmation of their grand narrative everywhere, and it’s difficult—perhaps impossible—to convince them that they are wrong if you argue with them from outside of their matrix. I suggested that liberals might have even more difficulty understanding conservatives than the other way around, because liberals often have difficulty understanding how the Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity foundations have anything to do with morality. In particular, liberals often have difficulty seeing moral capital, which I defined as the resources that sustain a moral community.”

MoralityGenesConservativesLiberalsMoral Foundation
Book:The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
Create image

“Las circunstancias locales pueden hacer que aumente el tribalismo, que descienda o que desaparezca. Cualquier tipo de conflicto intergrupal (real o percibido) hace que aumente inmediatamente el tribalismo, y que las personas presten mucha atención a las señales que revelen en qué equipo están las otras.”

MoralCivilizationHumanosPsicologiaTribalismo
Book:The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting up a Generation for Failure
Create image

“Pero en el Siglo XXI, en algunos campus universitarios el significado de seguridad ha sufrido un proceso paulatino de -desplazamiento conceptual-, y se ha ampliado para incluir la -seguridad emocional-.”

IdeologySafe SpaceSjwMillenialsProgresismoProgresParasitic
Book:The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting up a Generation for Failure
Create image