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George Orwell

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“Literature has sometimes flourished under despotic regimes, but, as has often been pointed out, the despotisms of the past were not totalitarian. Their repressive apparatus was always inefficient, their ruling classes were usually either corrupt or apathetic or half-liberal in outlook, and the prevailing religious doctrines usually worked against perfectionism and the notion of human infallibility. Even so it is broadly true that prose literature has reached its highest levels in periods of democracy and free speculation. What is new in totalitarianism is that its doctrines are not only unchallengeable but also unstable. They have to be accepted on pain of damnation, but on the other hand, they are always liable to be altered on a moment’s notice. Consider, for example, the various attitudes, completely incompatible with one another, which an English Communist or ‘fellow-traveler’ has had to adopt toward the war between Britain and Germany. For years before September, 1939, he was expected to be in a continuous stew about ‘the horrors of Nazism’ and to twist everything he wrote into a denunciation of Hitler: after September, 1939, for twenty months, he had to believe that Germany was more sinned against than sinning, and the word ‘Nazi’, at least as far as print went, had to drop right out of his vocabulary. Immediately after hearing the 8 o’clock news bulletin on the morning of June 22, 1941, he had to start believing once again that Nazism was the most hideous evil the world had ever seen. Now, it is easy for the politician to make such changes: for a writer the case is somewhat different. If he is to switch his allegiance at exactly the right moment, he must either tell lies about his subjective feelings, or else suppress them altogether. In either case he has destroyed his dynamo. Not only will ideas refuse to come to him, but the very words he uses will seem to stiffen under his touch. Political writing in our time consists almost entirely of prefabricated phrases bolted together like the pieces of a child’s Meccano set. It is the unavoidable result of self-censorship. To write in plain, vigorous language one has to think fearlessly, and if one thinks fearlessly one cannot be politically orthodox. Totalitarianism, however, does not so much promise an age of faith as an age of schizophrenia…to be corrupted by totalitarianism one does not have to live in a totalitarian country. The mere prevalence of certain ideas can spread a kind of poison that makes one subject after another impossible for literary purposes. Wherever there is an enforced orthodoxy…good writing stops.”

WritingLiteraturePoliticsHistoryCommunismCensorshipWwiiNational Socialism
Book:The Prevention of Literature
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“You will have to get used to living without results and without hope. You will work for a while, you will be caught, you will confess, and then you will die. Those are the only results you will ever see. There is no possibility that any perceptible change will happen within our own lifetime. We are the dead. Our only true life is in the future. We shall take part in it as handfuls of dust and splinters of bone. But how far away that future may be, there is no knowing.”

Struggles QuotesFuture QuotesWork QuotesPast And Future1984Present QuotesWorking For SalaryWorking Toward A GoalWorking For The Man
Book:1984
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“O socialismo, tal como apresentado agora, não é atraente sobretudo porque parece, pelo menos visto de fora, um brinquedo de malucos excêntricos, doutrinários, bolcheviques de salão, e assim por diante. Mas vale a pena lembrar que isso só é assim porque os malucos excêntricos, doutrinários etc. tiveram permissão de chegar lá primeiro; se o movimento fosse invadido por gente com um cérebro melhor e com mais senso de decência comum, os tipos questionáveis cessariam de dominá-lo. No momento, tudo o que podemos fazer é cerrar os dentes e ignorá-los; eles vão parecer muito menores depois que o movimento tiver sido humanizado.”

Socialismo
Book:The Road to Wigan Pier
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“But the peculiarly interesting fact is that re-transference is also possible. A country or other unit which has been worshipped for years may suddenly become detestable, and some other object of affection may take its place with almost no interval. In the first version of H. G. Wells’s Outline of History, and others of his writings about that time, one finds the United States praised almost as extravagantly as Russia is praised by Communists today: yet within a few years this uncritical admiration had turned into hostility. The bigoted Communist who changes in a space of weeks, or even days, into an equally bigoted Trotskyist is a common spectacle. In continental Europe Fascist movements were largely recruited from among Communists, and the opposite process may well happen within the next few years. What remains constant in the nationalist is his state of mind: the object of his feelings is changeable, and may be imaginary.”

CommunismGeorge OrwellCommunistsNationalistsNotes On Nationalism
Book:Notes on Nationalism
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“The lie [is] that we're here to uplift our poor black brothers instead of to rob them. I suppose it's a natural enough lie. But it corrupts us, it corrupts us in ways you can't imagine. There's an everlasting sense of being a sneak and a liar that torments us and drives us to justify ourselves night and day. It's at the bottom of half our beastliness to the natives. We Anglo-Indians could be almost bearable if we'd only admit that we're thieves and go on thieving without any humbug.”

ColonialismExploitationWhite Man S Burden
Author:George Orwell
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“The woman at the desk was a university graduate, young, colourless, spectacled, and intensely disagreeable. She had a fixed suspicion that no one — at least, no male person — ever consulted works of reference except in search of pornography. As soon as you approached she pierced you through and through with a flash of her pince-nez and let you know that your dirty secret was no secret from HER. After all, all works of reference are pornographical, except perhaps Whitaker’s Almanack. You can put even the Oxford Dictionary to evil purposes by looking up words like —— and ——.”

PornographyLibrariesReference Works
Book:Keep the Aspidistra Flying
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“Together with all this there was something of the evil atmosphere of war. The town had a gaunt untidy look, roads and buildings were in poor repair, the streets at night were dimly lit for fear of air — raids, the shops were mostly shabby and half-empty. Meat was scarce and milk practically unobtainable, there was a shortage of coal, sugar, and petrol, and a really serious shortage of bread. Even at this period the bread-queues were often hundreds of yards long. Yet so far as one could judge the people were contented and hopeful. There was no unemployment, and the price of living was still extremely low; you saw very few conspicuously destitute people, and no beggars except the gipsies. Above all, there was a belief in the revolution and the future, a feeling of having suddenly emerged into an era of equality and freedom. Human beings were trying to behave as human beings and not as cogs in the capitalist machine.”

CapitalismSocialismAnarchismSpanish Civil WarRevolutionary Catalonia
Book:Homage to Catalonia
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“…el laberíntico mundo del doblepiensa. Saber y no saber, tener plena conciencia de algo que sabes que es verdad y al mismo tiempo contar mentiras cuidadosamente elaboradas, mantener a la vez dos opiniones sabiendo que son contradictorias y creer en ambas, utilizar la lógica en contra de la lógica, repudiar la moralidad en nombre de la moralidad misma, creer que la democracia era imposible y que el partido era el garante de la democracia, olvidar lo que hacía falta olvidar y luego recordarlo cuando hacía falta, para luego olvidarlo otra vez. Y, por encima de todo, aplicar ese mismo proceso al propio proceso. Esa era la mayor sutileza: inducir conscientemente a la inconsciencia, y luego, una vez más, volverse inconsciente del acto de hipnosis que acabas de realizar. Incluso la comprensión del término doblepiensa implicaba el uso del doblepiensa (Cap 3, primera parte - 1984)”

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Author:George Orwell
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“Winston stopped reading, chiefly in order to appreciate the fact that he was reading, in comfort and safety. He was alone: no telescreen, no ear at the keyhole, no nervous impulse to glance over his shoulder or cover the page with his hand. The sweet summer air played against his cheek. From somewhere far away there floated the faint shouts of children: in the room itself there was no sound except the insect voice of the clock. He settled deeper into the arm-chair and put his feet up on the fender. It was bliss, it was eternity.”

ReadingComfortReflectionEternitySafetyBlissContemplationSummer Air
Book:1984
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“From the moment that all productive goods have been declared the property of the State, the common people will feel, as they cannot feel now, that the State is themselves. They will be ready then to endure the sacrifices that are ahead of us, war or no war.”

WarSocialismCollectivismDemocratic SocialismDying For Your CountrySounds Drab
Book:The Lion and The Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius
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“Derken garip bir düşünceyle çarpıldım. Adam ölmüş. Bir hayalet, onunu gibilerin hepsi ölüydi. Etraftaki bir çok insanın ölmüş olduğu o anda kafama dank etti. Bir insanın kalbi durunca -daha önce değil- öldüğünü söyleriz. Bana biraz keyfi geliyor bu. Sonuçta vücudun bazı kısımları çalışmaya devam ediyor; mesela saçlar, tüyler daha yıllarca uzuyor. Belki insan asıl beyni durunca ölüyor, yeni bir düşünceyi idrak etme gücünü yitirince.”

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Author:George Orwell
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