Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror Book Summary & Quotes

“when traumatic events are of human design, those who bear witness are caught in the conflict between victim and perpetrator. All the perpetrator asks is that the bystander do nothing. He appeals to the universal desire to see, hear, and speak no evil. The victim, on the contrary, asks the bystander to share the burden of pain. The victim demands action, engagement and remembering.”

Evil Abuse Survivors Survivors Childhood Trauma Society Denial Child Abuse Prevention Hear No Evil

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“In order to escape accountability for his crimes, the perpetrator does everything in his power to promote forgetting. Secrecy and silence are the perpetrator’s first line of defense. If secrecy fails, the perpetrator attacks the credibility of his victim. If he cannot silence her absolutely, he tries to make sure that no one listens. To this end, he marshals an impressive array of arguments, from the most blatant denial to the most sophisticated and elegant rationalization. After every atrocity one can expect to hear the same predictable apologies: it never happened; the victim lies; the victim exaggerates; the victim brought it upon herself; and in any case it is time to forget the past and move on. The more powerful the perpetrator, the greater is his prerogative to name and define reality, and the more completely his arguments prevail.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Dissociation appears to be... the internal mechanism by which terrorized people are silenced.”

Silence Terror Dissociation Silence Speaks Traumatized Dissociative Disorders Silenced

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“The ORDINARY RESPONSE TO ATROCITIES is to banish them from consciousness. Certain violations of the social compact are too terrible to utter aloud: this is the meaning of the word unspeakable. Atrocities, however, refuse to be buried. Equally as powerful as the desire to deny atrocities is the conviction that denial does not work. Folk wisdom is filled with ghosts who refuse to rest in their graves until their stories are told. Murder will out. Remembering and telling the truth about terrible events are prerequisites both for the restoration of the social order and for the healing of individual victims. The conflict between the will to deny horrible events and the will to proclaim them aloud is the central dialectic of psychological trauma. People who have survived atrocities often tell their stories in a highly emotional, contradictory, and fragmented manner that undermines their credibility and thereby serves the twin imperatives of truth-telling and secrecy. When the truth is finally recognized, survivors can begin their recovery. But far too often secrecy prevails, and the story of the traumatic event surfaces not as a verbal narrative but as a symptom. The psychological distress symptoms of traumatized people simultaneously call attention to the existence of an unspeakable secret and deflect attention from it. This is most apparent in the way traumatized people alternate between feeling numb and reliving the event. The dialectic of trauma gives rise to complicated, sometimes uncanny alterations of consciousness, which George Orwell, one of the committed truth-tellers of our century, called "doublethink," and which mental health professionals, searching for calm, precise language, call "dissociation." It results in protean, dramatic, and often bizarre symptoms of hysteria which Freud recognized a century ago as disguised communications about sexual abuse in childhood. . . .”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Traumatic events destroy the sustaining bonds between individual and community. Those who have survived learn that their sense of self, of worth, of humanity, depends upon a feeling of connection with others. The solidarity of a group provides the strongest protection against terror and despair, and the strongest antidote to traumatic experience. Trauma isolates; the group re-creates a sense of belonging. Trauma shames and stigmatizes; the group bears witness and affirms. Trauma degrades the victim; the group exalts her. Trauma dehumanizes the victim; the group restores her humanity. Repeatedly in the testimony of survivors there comes a moment when a sense of connection is restored by another person’s unaffected display of generosity. Something in herself that the victim believes to be irretrievably destroyed---faith, decency, courage---is reawakened by an example of common altruism. Mirrored in the actions of others, the survivor recognizes and reclaims a lost part of herself. At that moment, the survivor begins to rejoin the human commonality...”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Recovery unfolds in three stages. The central task of the first stage is the establishment of safety. The central task of the second stage is remembrance and mourning. The central focus of the third stage is reconnection with ordinary life.”

Loss Healing Safety Trauma Recovery Grieving Ptsd Sexual Abuse Rape Child Sexual Abuse Healing Process Complex Ptsd Complex Trauma

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“First, the physiological symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder have been brought within manageable limits. Second, the person is able to bear the feelings associated with traumatic memories. Third, the person has authority over her memories; she can elect both to remember the trauma and to put memory aside. Fourth, the memory of the traumatic event is a coherent narrative, linked with feeling. Fifth, the person's damaged self-esteem has been restored. Sixth, the person's important relationships have been reestablished. Seventh and finally, the person has reconstructed a coherent system of meaning and belief that encompasses the story of trauma.”

Healing Trauma Recovery Therapy Ptsd Psychotherapy Healing Process Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Complex Ptsd Recovery From Abuse Healing Abuse Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Traumatic Stress Trauma Therapy

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“In situations of captivity the perpetrator becomes the most powerful person in the life of the victim, and the psychology of the victim is shaped by the actions and beliefs of the perpetrator.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“La respuesta habitual a las atrocidades es borrarlas de la conciencia. Ciertas violaciones de! orden social son demasiado terribles como para pronunciarlas en voz alta: ese es el significado de la palabra impronunciable.”

Psychology

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“By developing a contaminated, stigmatized identity, the child victim takes the evil of the abuser into herself and thereby preserves her primary attachments to her parents. Because the inner sense of badness preserves a relationship, it is not readily given up even after the abuse has stopped; rather, it becomes a stable part of the child's personality structure.”

Identity Personality Abuse Betrayal Attachment Child Abuse Incest Victims Complex Ptsd Betrayal Trauma Parental Abuse Personality Disorder Stigmatization Self Stigma

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Underlying the attack on psychotherapy, I believe, is a recognition of the potential power of any relationship of witnessing. The consulting room is a privileged space dedicated to memory. Within that space, survivors gain the freedom to know and tell their stories. Even the most private and confidential disclosure of past abuses increases the likelihood of eventual public disclosure. And public disclosure is something that perpetrators are determined to prevent. As in the case of more overtly political crimes, perpetrators will fight tenaciously to ensure that their abuses remain unseen, unacknowledged, and consigned to oblivion. The dialectic of trauma is playing itself out once again. It is worth remembering that this is not the first time in history that those who have listened closely to trauma survivors have been subject to challenge. Nor will it be the last. In the past few years, many clinicians have had to learn to deal with the same tactics of harassment and intimidation that grassroots advocates for women, children and other oppressed groups have long endured. We, the bystanders, have had to look within ourselves to find some small portion of the courage that victims of violence must muster every day. Some attacks have been downright silly; many have been quite ugly. Though frightening, these attacks are an implicit tribute to the power of the healing relationship. They remind us that creating a protected space where survivors can speak their truth is an act of liberation. They remind us that bearing witness, even within the confines of that sanctuary, is an act of solidarity. They remind us also that moral neutrality in the conflict between victim and perpetrator is not an option. Like all other bystanders, therapists are sometimes forced to take sides. Those who stand with the victim will inevitably have to face the perpetrator's unmasked fury. For many of us, there can be no greater honor. p.246 - 247 Judith Lewis Herman, M.D. February, 1997”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“While in principle groups for survivors are a good idea, in practice it soon becomes apparent that to organize a successful group is no simple matter. Groups that start out with hope and promise can dissolve acrimoniously, causing pain and disappointment to all involved. The destructive potential of groups is equal to their therapeutic promise. The role of the group leader carries with it a risk of the irresponsible exercise of authority. Conflicts that erupt among group members can all too easily re-create the dynamics of the traumatic event, with group members assuming the roles of perpetrator, accomplice, bystander, victim, and rescuer. Such conflicts can be hurtful to individual participants and can lead to the group’s demise. In order to be successful, a group must have a clear and focused understanding of its therapeutic task and a structure that protects all participants adequately against the dangers of traumatic reenactment. Though groups may vary widely in composition and structure, these basic conditions must be fulfilled without exception. Commonality with other people carries with it all the meanings of the word common. It means belonging to a society, having a public role, being part of that which is universal. It means having a feeling of familiarity, of being known, of communion. It means taking part in the customary, the commonplace, the ordinary, and the everyday. It also carries with it a feeling of smallness, or insignificance, a sense that one’s own troubles are ‘as a drop of rain in the sea.’ The survivor who has achieved commonality with others can rest from her labors. Her recovery is accomplished; all that remains before her is her life.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“In this climate of profoundly disrupted relationships the child faces a formidable developmental task. She must find a way to form primary attachments to caretakers who are either dangerous or, from her perspective, negligent. She must find a way to develop a sense of basic trust and safely with caretakers who are untrustworthy and unsafe. She must develop a sense of self in relation to others who are helpless, uncaring or cruel. She must develop a capacity for bodily self-regulation in an environinent in which her body is at the disposal of others' needs as well as a capacity for self-soothing in an environment without solace. She must develop the capacity for initiative in an environment which demands that she bring her will into complete conformity with that of her abuser. And ultimately, she must develop a capacity for intimacy out of an environment where all intimate relationships are corrupt, and an identity out of an environment which defines her as a whore and a slave.”

Child Sexual Abuse Abuse Survivors Traumatic Experiences Traumatized Complex Ptsd Abusive Parents Abused Children Abused Child Double Bind Disorganized Attachment

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Many survivors have such profound deficiencies in self-protection that they can barely imagine themselves in a position of agency or choice. The idea of saying no to the emotional demands of a parent, spouse, lover or authority figure may be practically inconceivable. Thus, it is not uncommon to find adult survivors who continue to minister to the needs of those who once abused them and who continue to permit major intrusions without boundaries or limits. Adult survivors may nurse their abusers in illness, defend them in adversity, and even, in extreme cases, continue to submit to their sexual demands.”

Saying No Child Sexual Abuse Abuse Survivors Survivors Abusive Parents Child Sexual Abuse Survivor Trauma Bonding Abusive Parent Boundary Issues

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“To hold traumatic reality in consciousness requires a social context that affirms and protects the victim and that joins the victim and witness in a common alliance. For the individual victim, this social context is created by relationships with friends, lovers, and family. For the larger society, the social context is created by political movements that give voice to the disempowered.”

Abuse Victim Trauma Witness Ptsd Sexual Abuse Child Sexual Abuse Abuse Survivors Survivors Society Denial Perpetrator

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Recovery can take place only within then context of relationships; it cannot occur in isolation.”

Relationships Healing Trauma Recovery Isolation Ptsd Sexual Abuse Rape Child Sexual Abuse Healthy Relationships Complex Ptsd Complex Trauma

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Recovery can take place only within then context of relationships; it cannot occur in isolation. In her renewed connection with other people, the survivor re-creates the psychological facilities that were damaged or deformed by the traumatic experience. These faculties include the basic operations of trust, autonomy, initiative, competence, identity, and intimacy. Just as these capabilities are formed in relationships with other people, they must be reformed in such relationships. The first principle of recovery is empowerment of the survivor. She must be the author and arbiter of her own recovery. Others may offer advice, support, assistance, affection, and care, but not cure. Many benevolent and well-intentioned attempts to assist the survivor founder because this basic principle of empowerment is not observed. No intervention that takes power away from the survivor can possibly foster her recovery, no matter how much it appears to be in her immediate best interest.”

Relationships Healing Abuse Trauma Recovery Isolation Survivor Ptsd Sexual Abuse Rape Child Sexual Abuse Healthy Relationships Complex Ptsd Complex Trauma

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“...some patients resist the diagnosis of a post-traumatic disorder. They may feel stigmatized by any psychiatric diagnosis or wish to deny their condition out of a sense of pride. Some people feel that acknowledging psychological harm grants a moral victory to the perpetrator, in a way that acknowledging physical harm does not.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Admitting the need for help may also compound the survivor's sense of defeat. The therapists Inger Agger and Soren Jensen, who work with political refugees, describe the case of K, a torture survivor with severe post-traumatic symptoms who adamantly insisted that he had no psychological problems: "K...did not understand why he was to talk with a therapist. His problems were medical: the reason why he did not sleep at night was due to the pain in his legs and feet. He was asked by the therapist...about his political background, and K told him that he was a Marxist and that he had read about Freud and he did not believe in any of that stuff: how could his pain go away by talking to a therapist?”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“The traumatic moment becomes encoded in an abnormal form of memory, which breaks spontaneously into consciouness, both as flashbacks during waking states and as traumatic nightmares during sleep. Small, seemingly insignificant reminders can also evoke these memories, which often return with all the vividness and emotional force of the original event. Thus, even normally safe environments may come to feel dangerous, for the survivor can never be assured that she will not encounter some reminder of the trauma.”

Memory Trauma Ptsd Triggers Nightmares Traumatic Experiences Traumatized Repressed Memories Recovered Memories Trauma Memory Traumatic Stress Flashbacks Trauma Memories Traumatization

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Further evidence for the pathogenic role of dissociation has come from a largescale clinical and community study of traumatized people conducted by a task force of the American Psychiatric Association. In this study, people who reported having dissociative symptoms were also quite likely to develop persistent somatic symptoms for which no physical cause could be found. They also frequently engaged in self-destructive attacks on their own bodies. The results of these investigations validate the century-old insight that traumatized people relive in their bodies the moments of terror that they can not describe in words. Dissociation appears to be the mechanism by which intense sensory and emotional experiences are disconnected from the social domain of language and memory, the internal mechanism by which terrorized people are silenced.”

Terror Dissociation Self Harm Silence Speaks Traumatized Dissociative Self Injury Dissociative Disorders Silenced Somatic

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“This book appears at a time when public discussion of the common atrocities of sexual and domestic life has been made possible by the women’s movement, and when public discussion of the common atrocities of political life has been made possible by the movement for human rights. I expect the book to be controversial—first, because it is written from a feminist perspective; second, because it challenges established diagnostic concepts; but third and perhaps most importantly, because it speaks about horrible things, things that no one really wants to hear about.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“It has become clear that, as Janet observed one hundred years ago, dissociation lies at the heart of the traumatic stress disorders. Studies of survivors of disasters, terrorist attacks, and combat have demonstrated that people who enter a dissociative state at the time of the traumatic event are among most likely to develop long-lasting PTSD.”

Ptsd Dissociation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Traumatic Stress Dissociative States

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“In the absence of strong political movements for human rights, the active process of bearing witness inevitably gives way to the active process of forgetting. Repression, dissociation, and denial are phenomena of social as well as individual consciousness.”

Human Rights Repression Dissociation Society Denial Selective Amnesia

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Remembering and telling the truth about terrible events are prerequisites both for the restoration of the social order and for the healing of individual victims. The conflict between the will to deny horrible events and the will to proclaim them aloud is the central dialectic of psychological trauma. People who have survived atrocities often tell their stories in a highly emotional, contradictory, and fragmented manner which undermines their credibility and thereby serves the twin imperatives of truth-telling and secrecy.”

Traumatic Memories

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“It is morally impossible to remain neutral in this conflict. The bystander is forced to take sides. It is very tempting to take the side of the perpetrator. All the perpetrator asks is that the bystander do nothing. He appeals to the universal desire to see, hear and speak no evil. The victim, on the contrary, asks the bystander to share the burden of pain. The victim demands action, engagement and remembering... In order to escape accountability for his crimes, the perpetrator does everything in his power to promote forgetting. Secrecy and silence are the perpetrator's first line of defense. If secrecy fails, the perpetrator attacks the credibility of his victim. If he cannot silence her absolutely, he tries to make sure that no one listens. To this end, he marshals an impressive array of arguments, from the most blatant denial to the most sophisticated and elegant rationalization. After every atrocity one can expect to hear the same predictable apologies: it never happened, the victim lies, the victim exaggerates, the victim brought it upon herself; and in any case it is time to forget the past and move on. The more powerful the perpetrator, the greater is his prerogative to name and define reality, and the more completely his arguments prevail.”

Trauma Ptsd Abusers Perpetrators Rapists Batterers Chuld Abusers

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“Authoritarian, secretive, sometimes grandiose, and even paranoid, the perpetrator is nevertheless exquisitely sensitive to the realities of power and to social norms. Only rarely does he get into difficulties with the law; rather, he seeks out situations where his tyrannical behavior will be tolerated, condoned, or admired. His demeanor provides an excellent camouflage, for few people believe that extraordinary crimes can be committed by men of such conventional appearance.”

Abuse Tyranny Authoritarianism Domestic Abusers

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“HYPERAROUSAL After a traumatic experience, the human system of self-preservation seems to go onto permanent alert, as if the danger might return at any moment. Physiological arousal continues unabated. In this state of hyerarousal, which is the first cardinal symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder, the traumatized person startles easily, reacts irritably to small provocations, and sleeps poorly. Kardiner propsed that "the nucleus of the [traumatic] neurosis is physioneurosis."8 He believed that many of the symptoms observed in combat veterans of the First World War-startle reactions, hyperalertness, vigilance for the return of danger, nightmares, and psychosomatic complaints-could be understood as resulting from chronic arousal of the autonomic nervous system. He also interpreted the irritability and explosively aggressive behavior of traumatized men as disorganized fragments of a shattered "fight or flight" response to overwhelming danger.”

Military Trauma Aggression Ptsd Neurosis Traumatized World War 1 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder World War One Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Fight Or Flight Combat Ptsd Irritability Hypervigilance Aggressive Behavior Fight Or Flight Response Hyperarousal

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“I have tried to communicate my ideas in a language that preserves connections, a language that is faithful both to the dispassionate, reasoned traditions of my profession and to the passionate claims of people who have been violated and outraged. I have tried to find a language that can withstand the imperatives of doublethink and allows all of us to come a little closer to facing the unspeakable.”

Abuse Trauma Recovery Rape Unspeakable Traumatic Experiences Complex Ptsd Horror Of War Doublethink Violations Violated Double Think Horror Of Rape Violations Of Human Rights Horror Of Incest Atrocitis Trauma And Recovery

Book:Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

“...repeated trauma in childhood forms and deforms the personality. The child trapped in an abusive environment is faced with formidable tasks of adaptation. She must find a way to preserve a sense of trust in people who are untrustworthy, safety in a situation that is unsafe, control in a situation that is terrifyingly unpredictable, power in a situation of helplessness. Unable to care for or protect herself, she must compensate for the failures of adult care and protection with the only means at her disposal, an immature system of psychological defenses.”

Source: Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror

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